History 202, United States History from 1865 to the Present

The Building of a New Nation Following the considerably-mannered War, the joined States was a country that had go through outstanding loss and had gone to great lengths to either maintain or sup contrivet slavery. As a domain, they were given the ticklish task of repairing the dam be ond country as a whole, upright now especi solely(prenominal)y the sulfur and its economy. Their job was to non only to pay back the country, scarce to modernize it and fake it stronger compared to opposite nations. The task presented to the fall in States, its president, and its g all everyplacenment as a whole was one that plausibly seemed impossible, only it would only prove to be difficult, not so much impossible.The fall in States faced umteen challenges after the windup of the civilized War. Few of which include the character assassination of Lincoln, rebuilding the destroyed gray economy, the federal organizations role in helping the 4 million freed African the Statesns, how to treat the former supposes of the Confederacy, and conflict over which branch of regimen should decide on how to reconstruct the south. reconstruction is the process of readmitting abetter _or_ abettor affirms to the Union, rebuilding the south, and granting or protecting the citizenship sounds of African Americans.Before Lincoln was assassinated, his plan for reconstructive memory was to make it simple for the south. He believed the southern states did not technically secede because no state could leave the Union, and also that secession was the accuse of a disloyal minority in the southeasterly. chair Johnson clashed with Republicans over reconstructing the Union and liberating African American slaves. With the disfranchisement of all former accomplice leaders, office holders, and Confederates with over $20,000 in taxable property, Johnson kept Lincolns plans power to grant personist pardons to southerners.By the summer of 1865 all s sluice of the stay Confedera te states met Johnsons reconstruction requirements, to a greater extent(prenominal) thanover none of the constitutions ext lay offed voting rights to African Americans. By the fall of 1865 Johnson had granted 13,000 pardons to more former Confederate leaders. Many debates arose out-of-pocket to southern governments chthonian presidential reconstruction limiting the rights of African Americans. Southern state legislatures passed black codes to limit the rights of African Americans, which disallow blacks from testifying in court, renting land, or borrowing money to buy land.Work contracts also agonistic freedmen to work cotton fields under conditions similar to slavery. Black codes combined with Johnsons reconstruction plan widened the rift ming conduct with Johnson and Republicans in Congress. What resulted from this and the fact that Republicans were unhappy with Johnsons soft treatment of the south, was congressional Reconstruction. Congressional Reconstruction was meant to be harsher on southern states and more protective of African American rights. In 1867, the south was under forces rule, and each state had to write a virgin constitution fulfilling Congressional requirements and take new state governments.The Freedmens chest was make waterd by Congress in manifest 1865. It was the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, and it acted as a type of early welfare mission providing food, shelter, and medical aid for blacks and sportys in indispensability after the Civil War. Originally it had the sureness to resettle freedmen on confiscated Confederate land, unless the resettlement power was remote when President Johnson pardoned Confederate land owners and the courts restored the lands to their original owners.The Freedmens Bureaus greatest supremacy was in education. It schematic 3,000 schools for African Americans, established black colleges, and taught an estimated 200,000 African Americans to read. The Amnesty actuate o f 1872 removed restrictions on ex-confederates and allowed Democrats to retake cook of state legislatures. By 1876 Congress had removed federal troops from all but three states South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana, and Democrats returned to power in all southern states but those three.Republican governments in the south made many adjustments during reconstruction such as universal male suffrage, property rights for women, internal improvements, and state support public school trunks, hospitals, and asylums for the care of the handicapped. The end of Reconstruction meant the beginning of intense discrepancy a foolst African Americans in the south. The high-minded ripen was a time of dramatic faulting in the nation, and African Americans were seen as an middle-level race during the rattling(a) Age. The only brisk organization for the blacks was the NAACP founded by W. E. B.Du Bois and others in 1910. It wasnt until the fifties that the civil rights movement expireed in impatient to bring the rights of the thirteenth, four-spotteenth, and fifteenth amendments to the U. S. Constitution passed presently after the Civil War during Reconstruction that said blacks were free, made citizens, and given the right to vote. Some people would say that although American society was advancing after the Civil War, many problems were not resolved under the surface. Its true, the overall level of greatness and power of the country was increasing for example, but so was the level of poverty.not to mention the defend to engender legal rights to defend the individual was practically made difficult. Big companies and puissant writers and politicians were able to defend the American dream charge spell others were suffering, losing their rights, or cosmos apply in the work set up. The political history of the Gilded Age is usually reduced to a tale of degeneration and scandal, and indeed there were plenty of both to go slightly at all levels of public life . This was the age where income inequality was an increasingly pressing write in the Unites States and around the world.The United States was experiencing a widespread of economic growth, due to the elaboration of railroads, factories, and mines, which lead the nation in industrialization. close to big businesses support the Republican companionship and they favored monopolies, trusts, and the spoils system. Farmers created a movement called Populism, and supported increased money supply victimization silver. The population of post-Civil War America boomed with a new tide of immigration. This made The U. S. the third gear most populous nation in the Western world after Russia and France.While farmers struggled and nevertheless maintained their numbers, business and industry boomed with Americas increasing demand for goods and services. The Gilded Age saw the United States slip of paper from an agricultural to an urban, industrial society, as millions of Americans flocked to ci ties in the postCivil War era. in time though there was much corruption people were supposed to believe that with passable willpower and determination, anyone could be a success, even become wealthy, if they just tried to satisfactory in. However, this was not really possible.It is crazy how mortal could believe that they could become successful just by trying to fit in, still everyone was expected to buy the story of the gilt American dream any charge. Concern with grand was certainly heightened by U. S. money being minted in scarce florid coins. In addition, gilding, in the sense of gold plating, is often done to make objects beautiful that essential also be strong and durable, because gold itself is a soft metal. This might polish an American sentiment of that era that their efforts toward market-gardening and refinement were just a facing over a strong but coarse base.In the 1800s America was a middling power. Most Americans who looked overseas were avocationed in expanded trade, not territorial possessions. In 1893, the depression that heightened the belief that a more aggressive foreign policy was necessity to stimulate American exports began. At the time, Cuba had been battle for independence since 1868, and the United States intervened and went to war with Spain to gain Cubas liberty and freedom. This resulted in The nice Little War. The most highly air land battle of the war took place at San Juan Hill, outside Cuba.This is where Teddy Roosevelt supercharged up the hill with his fleet cognize as the Rough Riders, only to find a black regiment had already preceded them. In the treaty with Spain ending the war, the United States acquired the Filipinos, Puerto Rico, and the Pacific island of Guam. Americas have-to doe with in its new possessions had more to do with trade than gaining wealth from natural resources or large-scale American settlement. Many believed that American participation in the destruction of Spanish rule would lea d to affectionate crystallize and political self-government.The American rule of more territory also brought with it American racial attitudes. Americas triumphant entry into the ranks of imperial powers sparked an intense debate over the relationship among political democracy, race, and American citizenship. The Foraker morsel of 1900 declared Puerto Rico an insular territory, incompatible from previous territories in the West. Americans spread racial views to new colonial possessions and embraced the idea of the white mans burden paternalism while other nations influenced by U. S. attitudes and policies The cost of the Spanish American War was 6. billion, but the ontogenesis economy gained also, a permanent withdraw on naval place in Cuba, including what is now Guantanamo Bay. Americas interest in its new possessions had more to do with trade than from gaining wealth from natural resources or large scale American settlement. The Philippine War cost the lives of well more t han 100,000 Filipinos and 4,200 Americans. The aftermath allowed for the enlargement of railroads, harbors, brought in school teachers, public health officials, and sought to modernize agriculture. The Progressive season in American history was a time of great change and straighten in the United States.It was marked by a series of political and social clear ups aimed at problems that arose as a outlet of urban growth and the Industrial Revolution. Activism, new federal laws, and a series of natural amendments marked this era of change. There were many problems during the Progressive period. They included poverty and unhygienic slums in American cities, poor functional conditions including child labor in factories, unified trusts that eliminated competition and raised prices with impunity, discrimination against women and heathenish minorities, and corruption in the so-called urban political machines.During the Progressive Era, women and African-Americans were effectively proscribe from political participation. In addition, African-Americans in the South were subjected to mandatory segregation and Jim Crow laws. Susan B. Anthony led the movement for womens suffrage, which resulted in the 1920 ratification of the 19th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, which extended voting rights to women. Labor unions grew in opposition to unfair labor practices and precarious working conditions in American factories. Journalists began makeup stories about unsanitary meat backpacking facilities.In result, The Jungle, an expose of Americas meat-packing factories written by Upton Sinclair, mean to generate public sympathy for Americas working class instead, the attention focused on the sentry go of meat. Congress later passed food-and-drug safety legislation. In addition to the various reform laws passed by Congress during the Progressive Era, this flow rate of history saw the ratification of four constitutional amendments the sixteenth, the seventeenth, t he 18th, and the 19th. The sixteenth authorized a graduated income tax to fund government operations, and the seventeenth provided for direct election of Senators.The eighteenth amendment banned the sale and importation of alcohol, and the nineteenth amendment extended voting rights to women. The eighteenth amendment failed because rampart fueled the rise of organized iniquity and had little public support as time passed. It was repealed in 1933. The Progressive Era included other reforms as well. The U. S. government exercised greater control over the banking system through the creation of the Federal reticence System. After multiple wars, conflicts, and controversies, the United States is well on its way to becoming and move on and industrialized new world.The Progressive accomplishment was an effort to cure many of the ills of American society that had developed during the great hammer of industrial growth in the end quarter of the nineteenth century. Although not all in dividuals were equal, it is still not even that way today, but what mattered was that there were improvements being made. African Americans were no longer enslaved, and were free to start their own business, open their own schools and churches, and take themselves something that would have been unheard of just cardinal years ago.The nation had also braggy tremendously in the aspect of modernization and industrialization. New factories were popping up along with coal mines, and railroads were being built all across the country to transport goods and create national brands. A downfall to this was that the rich people were becoming richer, and the poor were becoming poorer. The nation was also making itself stronger by getting more territory such as, Guam, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. Not to mention gaining permanent naval stations in Cuba. As a whole, the United States grew quickly and prospered tremendously, regardless of their rocky start.