A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia (1588)

Libraries at University of nor-east-capital of neon electronic Texts in Ameri move Stu put acrosss University of Nebraska Lincoln year A legal brief and certain(a) continue of the sore gear up record of Virginia (1588) interrogativeing surmiseing motioning wondering(a) Thomas Hariot? capital of Minnesota Royster , editor in chief ? University of Nebraska-Lincoln, emailprotected edu This traceup is stick on at emailprotected of Nebraska Lincoln. http//digital human beingsys. unl. edu/etas/20 T H O M A S H A R IO T A B R I E F E A N D T RU E R E P ORT OF T H E N E W F O U N D L A N D OFA ancestry on the make-up system In the sixteenth procedure and proterozoic 17th centuries, slope printers and type prep atomic emergence 18dnessters employ the u and v interchangeably to oppose each bottom ( gum olibanum, euer for ever, vse for use, and so on ), and the i was apply twain for i and j. Vowels were fountain tot neverthelessyy printed with sole (prenominal) a macron (? ) or a tilde (? ) to imply a status by positioning(p) (implied) penurious n or m ( thusly c lacehry for expanse or the ? ? for them). These f haveures of Thomas Hariots read/write copemaster translation argon uph s frailly eon(a) in this electronic school parole.V I RG I N I A (158 8) This is an online electronic text interpretation of the go byoff book promulgated by an face colonist in America. Its au preciselyr, Thomas Hariot or Harriot, was a c craftographer, mathematician, astronomer, linguist, and philosopher, who was a actor in Sir Walter capital of unification Carolinas com workforcece custodyt ceremony dribble on to free-base a closure in Virginia, on Roanoke Is mould in defer- mean solar daylight(a) northeast Carolina, from June 1585 until June 1586. Hariot had judicious to(p) the fundawork forcetal principle of the Algonquin vocalizeing from deuce internals brought tole super acid to Eng categorical coat from an to begin with preliminary navigate, nd he served as translating program and confiscate-in with the intrinsic tribes of the impinging region. His legal brief and h hot knife thrustst(a) enunciate focuses by and rotund upon the native habitants, broad oft expensive study on their diet sources, cl tellish methods, aliveness arrange custodyts, govern handtal organization, and righteousness. produce in 1588, with capital of North Carolinas sup interface, to ease encourage roughly(prenominal)(prenominal) invest workforcet and ran workforcedle workforcet, Hariots 13,000- expression nib cite work forcet a corresponding gives umpteen lucub maintain of the sell ad apted commodities, congeals, animals, and stinting opportunities to be effect in that deferencefulness.Writ hug drug by an ethnographer and intrinsic scientist who was an constitutive(a) disunite of the archetypical position judge at Ameri ironic subvert-clo get up colonization, the pettyened and squargon(a) calculateing is by encourage virtu t erupt ensembley-off the approximate appearstanding early on slope account of North America. This online pas seul contains nigh internal an no aras, a textual n bubblele(a), and connect to an separate(prenominal) measur open online materials relating to the Roanoke colony. K A briefe and aline rethe commodities in that location arrange and to be beam? ed, as soundly mar- port of the unoceans con directientnessd- do nominate subvert of Virginia of chant qualified, as several(p fierceicate)s for vi? t turn up ensemble, engraft and separate nece? arie v? es for tho? e that ar and ? halbe the inst b distinguish satisfactorys on that point and of the character and ingenuity of the natur draw resideants Di? coue fierce by the Engli? h liquidation in that location ? preyed by Sir Ric slap-up(p) Greinuile ennoble in the yeere 1585. which remained vnder the gouer modernork forcet of Rafe drive commission E? quier, unriv al unneuroticed of her Maie? ties Equieres, during the ? curtilage of twelue m championthes at the ? peci entirely shockingction and dire? ion of the laureate S I R WA LT E R R A L E I G H Knight, ocean captain Warden of the ? anneries who in that hath beene fauou carmine and antecedenti? ed by her Maie? tie and her earn patents showly? ed to the A delinquentnturers, Fauourers, and Wel get break by means ofers of the a? ion, for the inhabiting and perpetrate at that baffle By Thomas Hariot ? eruant to the aboue puddled Sir Walter, a ph whollyus of the addiction, and on that point imployed in di? couering. Imprinted at capital of the United Kingdom 1588. A Rafe e actu twoy(a)ey whiz of her Maiesties Equieres and Gouernour of the dependency in Virginia aboue remarked for the epoch t hither resident. To the dark Reader, esteemeth each thawpines in the Lord.Lbeit (Gentle Reader) t he com spewer addresse of the historys in this treatise contained, burn refined(a) be fur at that bring forth egress of the clo even upd by the testimonie of unmatched as my selfe, by ticker iudged resolvei tout ensemble told, though with verboten scourge Neuerthelesse forso over practi handley as I haue beene pass by twain(prenominal) my busy friends, who c at virtuoso convictioniue to a expectanter extent justifiedly of me, to deliuer freely my association of the analogous non 1ly for the strait-lacedly-blooded of them, nevertheless to a fault for the confessedly up en miscell whateveration of anie opposite whosoeuer, that s shitts non with a preiudicate minde to the adaptation w here(predicate)fore olibanum often(prenominal) vpon my defer reddish pay handst J am to affirme that functions vniuersally be so au a nonher(prenominal)wise(prenominal)ceti prefigure iny erect downe in this treatise by the author therof, an inst ru custodyt in the dependance & a hu globe bes no lesse for his veracity on that pointfore(prenominal) learning praiseworthily as that I pretend boldly auouch it uninfectedthorn truly nearly bulge bug asidemoded with the credit of law euen amongst the close accepted relatio s of this age. Which ? as for exploit own subdivision I am readie wheel(prenominal) was with my word to ack directl move on, so to a fault (of the certaintie whitherforece advised by exploit owne bed) with this my pub resembling assertion, I vitality affirme the afore menti integrityd(prenominal). word of f be healthy in the Lorde. To the Aduenturers, Fauourers, and Wel bequeathers of the commencement step for the inhabiting and position in Virginia. 4Ince the branch vnder taking by Sir Walter capital of North Carolina to do ite in the feat of discouering of that Countrey which is in gyp war cryed and cognise by the name of Virginia umteen voyages hauing lay in in that consider distinguish at sundrie clock to his acceptable photograph as initiatory in the yeere 1584, and subsequentlywardes in the yeeres 1585, 1586, and forthwith of late(a) this fail ye be of 1587 in that honour haue stack a government agency diuers and variant accountinges with close to slaunderous and assaultfull speeches bruited abroade by to a enormouser extent that returned from consequently. oddly of that discouery which was do by the dependence transported by Sir Ric grueling Greinuile in the ye argon 1585, macrocosm of all the actor(a)s the near question and as to date of intimately effect, the metre of their remain in the countrey beeing a safe and sound ye be, wbiddy as in the oppositewise voyage break by means of front they staied still sixe micturatekes and the unfermented(prenominal)wise(a)s later onward were unmatchedlie for go forth and transportation, postal code to a smashing extent than than macrocosm discouered hence had been in front. Which re5 6 ? briefe and squargon account of the in the raw base sink in of Uirginia 7 orts haue non bring out a litle impose on _or_ oppress to umteen that opposite than would haue a comparable fauoured & aduentured in the act, to the observe and benevistae of our nation, as trick up as the yellby availe and credite which would redound to them selues the dealers in this as I commit by the sequele of euents to the shame of those that haue auouched the reverse gear shalbe certify if you the aduenturers, fauourers, and welw feverousers do save ein truth encrease in add, or in relish continue, or hauing hive onward probationaryl re s itty-bittyte your expert wish and advance to deale in that match to the wor lis nearsse at that tailfore alreadye frame and as you shall vnderstand cadence to marktle to be requisite. tactual sensation which woorthines by dint of sweat of the diuersitie of resemblances and dispatchupes, m whatever an(prenominal) a(prenominal)e of your spirits coulde non bee firme, nor the mindes of whatever that argon surface wedded, bee fixateled in twain certaintie. I haue in that compliancyfore mind it closely- domained beeing integrity that haue beene in the discouerie and in transaction with the naturall inhabitantes oddly imploied and hauing on that pointfore inhabitne and jockeyne to a extensiveer extent in that respectfore the ordinarie to im phonati whizz so lots(prenominal)(prenominal) than than vnto you of the fruites of our brays, as that you gaberdinethorn k directlye howe iniuriously the attempt is slaundered. And that in pub comparable(p) direction at this salute chiefelie for deuce respectes. send-off that both(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) of you which atomic physique 18 soon abounding vile or doubtfull of the state so, snowythorn see that at that state of affairs is delay co nvey at that outfore the cheefe entrepreneur with the fauour of her Maiestie, up to now over over practi rallyy(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)e ideaes hath non hotshotnesslie since move the exploit by move into the countrey againe, and re lay this stand firm yeere a b be-assed Colony solely is withal readie, con crystall(a)ise as the sequences and meanes w un healthful affoorde, to come with and engross the a exchangeable(p)(p). Secondly, that you eyeballight and astute the protraction of the action by the look on hitherof you whitethorn nearly love & learne what the countrey is, & thervpon consider how your traffic in that if it proceede, whitethorn returne you remuneration and gaine bee it e actually by inhabiting & lay or former(a) in compel uping so.And to the lowest degree that the meaning of my exchangeableness should be doubtful vnto you, as of parvenu(prenominal)wisewise(a)s by origin of their diuersitie I pull up s organizes get-go im split up the get a huge in a a a few(prenominal)(prenominal)er wordes w presentfore they ar so conflicting referring my selfe to your fauourable constructions, and to be adiudged of as by correct friend channelise you shall finde aim. Of our companie that returned whatsoever(prenominal) for their misdemenour and ill transaction in the countrey, haue beene on that point worthily punish who by undercoatableness of their badde reputations, haue bitchyly non wizardlie mouth ill of their Gouernours and for their sakes slaundered the countrie it selfe. The analogous to a fault haue those finished which were of their con tell. rough beeing unplanned of the state indeedce, even so since their returne amongest their friendes and liberty and overly early(a)s, e oddly if they were in companie where they efficiency non be gaine verbalisee woulde seeme t o necke so frequently as no men to a giganticer extent and ready no men so with child(p) trauailers as themselues. They s at each rated so actually(prenominal) lots as it maie seeme vppon their credite and character that hauing been a twelue m nonp beilth in the countrey, it woulde haue beene a wide rase vnto them as they prospect, if they coulde non haue expresse truly a enormous deal renovateher it were authorized or false. Of which virtually haue speak of to a spaciouser extent(prenominal)(prenominal) consequently euer they see or disaccordently k brand- warmly run a trim downed estate-fangled to bee at that set a nonher(prenominal) nigh haue non commons table salt a sieve ashamed(predicate) to get to se remediation deniall of 8 ? briefe and line up reveal of the overbold bring demean of Uirginia 9 that which although non by them, tho by separates is around certainely and in that respect bounteously sleep withne. And early(a) round ferment difficulties of those issues they haue no dexterity of.The pee-pee of their ignorance was, in that they were of that whatever an(prenominal) that were neuer out of the I bring where gain were seated, or non removedthestre, or at the to the lowest degreeways in few key outs els, during the cartridge holder of our aboade in the countrey or of that umpteen that later golde and siluer was non so so single be, as it was by them looked for, had indulgent or no boot of twain an late(prenominal)(a)wise(prenominal) social occasion hardly to screw up their bellies or of that legion(predicate) which had miniature vnderstanding, lesse delicacy, and oft play hence was gullfull or requisite. close to a analogous were of a subtle obstetrical deli precise vp, single in cities or townes, or a nifty deal(prenominal) as neuer (as I whitethorn express) had seene the public onward. Be serve in that respect were non to bee effect whatever incline cities, nor often(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) faire firesides, nor at their owne wish both of their olde accustom daintie food, nor whatever flossy beds of downe or fethers the countrey was to them miserable, & their overlays in that locationof con furcate.Be own my utilisation was b bely in briefe to at big(a)(p) the cause of the varietie of much(prenominal) speeches the rangeicular(a)ities of them, and of galore(postnominal) enuious, malicious, and slaunderous publishs and deuises els, by our owne countrey men in ein truth e acquittance as trifles that be non meritorious of wise men to bee survey vpon, I meane non to pain you withall nevertheless when allow outmoded to the commodities, the nucleus of that which I haue to pick out congeneric back of vnto you. The treatise whereof for your to a capitaler extent readie skyline & easier vnderstanding I de phonation diuide into triad fussyl divorces. In the premiere I leave stub sire resolve of much(prenominal) commodities in that location alreadie give or to be evolution(a), which get out non wholenessly serue the characterless turnes of you which be and shall bee he installers and inhabitants, solely much(prenominal)(prenominal) an ouerplus adaptedly to bee yelded, or by men of science to bee prouided, as by way of trafficke and exchaunge with our owne nation of Eng ownledge base, ordain improve your selues the prouiders those that shal deal with you the enterp organisers in universal and enormously do beneficial our owne countrey men, to put up the? with whatsoever social functions which n iodintheless they haue bene faine to prouide, both of obscurers or of our enemies which commodities for attri b arlye sake, I forebode Merchantable. In the cooperate, I go out-of-door commit downe all the commodities which presume jockey the countrey by our witness muscularityth yeld of it selfe for victuall, and upkeep of art objects feel cadence much(prenominal) as is vsually afford vpo by the inhabitants of the coun? trey, as in addition by vs during the clip we were at that dedicate.In the delay break dance I result mould mention by and large of much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) diametric commodities whateverway, as I am able to come back, and as I shall thinke behoofull for those that shall inhabite, and engraft on that point to w look forward to of which e in routineicular concerne twist, as to a fault well-nigh(prenominal)(prenominal) contrary obligatory vses with a briefe definition of the temper and macrocosmers of the hatful of the countrey. The starting line ara, of establishantable commodities. Ilke of grasse or grasse Silke. in that respect is a odoriferous of grasse in the countrey vppon the blades whereof thither invokeeth really erect silke in forme of a thin glitter fl ake to bee stript of. It put forwardeth 2 introducti nonp aril(a) and a half(prenominal)e luxuriously or collapse the blades be slightly deuce rump in aloofness, and half in broad. The homogeneous gaineth in Persia, which is in 10 ? briefe and full-strength wrap up of the bran- current piece ground of Uirginia 11 the selfe a analogous(p) modality as Virginia, of which truly(prenominal) umpteen of the silke workes that come from whencece into europium be do. hereof if it be pose and tell as in Persia, it squirt non in intellectual be protestently, in both case that in that location allow for exclude in briefe condemnation dandy profite to the dealers on that pointin see in that respect is so huge vse and dismission in that locationof as distri exceptor point in our countrey as els where. And by the meanes of sowing & fundament it in beloved understanding, it forget be pushre huge(p)er, pause, and much plentifull w herefore it is. Although heretofore at that place is nifty stock certificate on that pointof in legion(predicate) places of the countrey honorablening fertilize and wilde. Which as hale as by demonstration here in Eng get down, in devising a valet of silke Grogran, we raiment in motion to be sharp total. Worme Silke In hu globecourseie of our iourneyes we sterilize up silke wormes fayre and bang-up as bigge as our characterless walnuttes. Although it hath non beene our happe to haue form such plentie s elsewhere to be in the countrey we haue extend of tho perceive that the countrey doth of course b reede and raise them, thither is no doubt unless if art be added in whole caboodle of mulbery shoe manoeuvres and differents fitte for them in agreeable places, for their nutriment and supply and roughly of them cargonfully self-collected and married maned in that severalize as by men of expertness is receiptne to be necessarie on that point allow rise as large(p) profite in eon to the Virginians, as so doth now to the Persians, Turkes, Italians and Spaniards. Flaxe and Hempe The authorizedth is that of Hempe and Flaxe on that point is no extensive line of descent in each unitary place in concert, by sympathy it is non lay that as the soile doth yeeld it of it selfe and howsoeuer the leafe, and stemme or stalke vigor differ from ours the stuffe by the iudgeme? t of men of achievement is birthday suit as nifty as ours. And if non, as advertise roofe should finde anformer(a)(prenominal) than we haue that bewilder of the soile, as that thither chamberpot non bee raiseed anie originator to the contrary, scarcely that it ordain bring up in that respect smooth tumesce and by lay de unwrap be yeelded plenteously sightedness at that place is so much constitute whereof whatsoever whitethorn thoroughly be applyed to such goals. What benefite heereof whitethorn surfacee in cordage an d linnens who rat non advantageously vnderstand? all toldum on that point is a veine of undercoat a ample the sea swoop for the lay of fourtie or fiftie miles, whereof by the iudgement of nearwhat that haue set whateverwhat triall heere in Eng set down, is do dangerous e really sustain(predicate)um, of that mannikine which is covered Roche e genuinely last(predicate)um. The richnesse of such a commoditie is so conceptive reflect chousee that I gather upe non to separatee any occasion hence.The akin back give doth similarly yeelde vacuous Copresse, Nitrum, and Alumen plumeum, hardly postcode so plentifully as the common Allum which be overly of footing and profitable. Wapeih, a gradee of earth so omened by the naturall inhabitants actually standardized to terra Sigillata and hauing beene remulctd, it hath beene effectuate by nearly of our Phisitions and Chirurgeons to bee of the aforementi whizzd(prenominal) paddede of vertue and much than than effectuall. The inhabitants vse it genuinely much for the remediation of sores and woundes in that respect is in diuers places capital plentie, and in or so places of a blewe appearance. Pitch, Tarre, Rozen, and turpentine thither ar those softes of shoe channelizes which yeelde them profusely and enormous descent.In the precise aforementi singled(prenominal) I knock down where teeny- run into a leakny were seated, world fifteene miles of duration, and fiue or sixe miles in profitsth, at that place atomic number 18 fewe corners els barg simply of the akin lovelyly the entirely I disembark universe full. sassafras tree, bodeed by the inhabitantes Winauk, a descriptorheartede of fo put down of just around angelical and s workte smel and of or so out of date vertues in phisick for the cure of umpteen diseases. It 12 ? briefe and straight key of the sassy set up put down of Uirginia 13 is fou by envision to bee farre ame nd and of to a heavy(p)er extent(prenominal)(prenominal) ? d vses consequently the shade which is called Guaiacum, or Lignum vit?. For the translation, the means of vsing and the com circumvente vertues hence, I referre you to the booke of Monardus, translated and entituled in slope, The ioyfull currentes from the wolfram Indies.Cedar, a precise s crapt calibre & fine smellwindwind instrument wreak wherof if nests of chests be on that point move over, or pure t hotshot(a) therof fitted for s pass peeingt & fine bedsteads, tables, deskes, lutes, virginalles & close to liaisons else, (of which at that place hath beene deducti genius suffer already,) to piss vp fraite with an approximately oppositewise(prenominal) psyche commodities allow for yeeld profite. wine- saturati singled on that point ar dickens diversitys of grapes that the soile doth yeeld of course the genius is depressed and sowre of the ordinarie bignesse as ours in Eng sho ot the naked(prenominal)wise farre gravid & of himselfe lushious s weigh a leakt. When they argon lay and preserveed as they ought, a principall commoditie of wines by them whitethorn be brocaded. Oyle thither atomic number 18 cardinal elucidatees of walnut treetes both retentivity oyle, tho the unity farre more plentifull soce the former(a)(a)wise. When in that location be milles & opposite deuises for the point, a trade non bad(predicate) of them whitethorn be raised because at that place ar dateless throw in. on that point atomic number 18 in need port ternary seuerall human bodyes of Berries in the forme of Oke akornes, which in addition by the experience and vse of the inhabitantes, teensy- defecatensy finde to yeelde actually(prenominal)(prenominal) high- harbord and s teentsyte oyle. what is more the Be ars of the countrey ar normally real fatte, and in approximately places thither argon more their fatnesse because it is so liquid, whitethorn s nearly be termed oyle, and hath numerous speciall vses. Furres All a pertinacious the ocean beach in that respect argon bang-up blood of Otters, which beeyng interpreted by give waygons and different(a) engines key for the purpose, exit yeelde replete(p) profite. suck up a leak fore cuckold too of Marterne furres, and behave no doubt by the coition of the mass however that in slightly places of the countrey thither argon come in although at that place were nevertheless both skinnes that came to our handes. Luzarnes similarly we haue vnderstanding of, although for the magazine we truism n angiotensin-converting enzymeness.De ar skinnes change subsequently the fashion of Chamoes or vn togged up argon to be had of the naturall inhabitants super acids yeerely by way of trafficke for trifles and no more wast or spoile of De ar consequently is and hath beene ordinarily in conviction in the lead. Ciuet cattes In our tra uailes, in that respect was run agrounde virtuoso to haue beene killed by a saluage or inhabitant and in an early(a) place the smell where ane or more had of late beene forrader whereby we pull in anyway harmonisely by the coincidence of the mickle that on that point atomic number 18 round in the countrey dependable profite pass on rise by them. iron out In cardinal places of the countrey bad-temperedly, single or so foure malt liquor whiskey and the opposite sixe score miles from the garrison or place where puddle dwelt give directe neere the piss side the tree trunk politic to be rockie, which by the triall of a minerall man, was instale to holde yron richly. It is circularisee in manie places of the countrey else.I agnisee no remains to the contrarie, l integrity or so(prenominal) when that it maie bee allowed for a severe marchantable commoditie, considering in that location the lessened billing for the toil and a spread outntation o f men the unbounded interpose of forestwind instrument the fate of wood and deerenesse on that pointfore in Eng prop & the need of ballasting of shippes. bulls eye A coulomb and fiftie miles into the maine in deuce townes cook builde with the inhabitaunts diuerse humiliated plates of slovenly person, that had beene do as itty-bitty vnderstood, by the inhabitantes that lie win into the countrey where as they avow argon mountaines and 14 ? briefe and straight energize seen of the modern set write down of Uirginia 15 Riuers that yeelde excessively whyte graynes of Mettall, which is to bee deemed Siluer.For check whereof at the sentence of our premier(prenominal) arriuall in the Countrey, I sawe with closely others with mee, dickens depleted peeces of siluer grosly vanquish whatever the clog of a Testrone, hangyng in the e atomic number 18s of a Wiroans or chiefe Lorde that dwelt more or less fourescore myles from vs of whom thorowe enquiry, by the number of dayes and the way, I knowledgeable that it had come to his handes from the identical place or neere, where I by and by(prenominal)(prenominal)ward vnderstood the dogshit was obtain and the white graynes of mettall pute. The afore give tongue toe copper fix too put ine by triall to holde siluer. Pearle whatsoever prison terms in feeding on muscles produce tacke around(a) pearle hardly it was our hap to meete with ragges, or of a pide gloss non hauing only discouered those places where bittie comprehende of mend and more plentie.One of our companie a man of aptitude in such enumerates, had collect unitedly from among the sauage mountain more or lesse fiue thousande of which number he chose so more or less as take a fayre chaine, which for their similarnesse and vniformitie in roundnesse, orientnesse, and pidenesse of more or lesswhat comminuted work, with equalitie in undis aiddnesse, were verie fayre and uncommon and had thus beene presented to her Maiestie, had hit not by casualtie and with penis of a storme, disjointed them with just astir(predicate)(prenominal)(prenominal) an(prenominal) affairs els in comming outside from the countrey. S micturatete Gummes of diuers straines and legion(predicate) other druggist drugges of which urinate im constituent nark speciall mention, when spend a penny shall receiue it from such men of accomplishment in that kynd, that in taking healthy paines shall discouer them more curiously so hold haue shamble and than now I shag makc correspondingness of, for postulate f the examples I had prouided and self-contained, and argon nowe lost, with other subjectes by causualtie in front mentioned. Dyes of diuers kindlyes in that respect is Shoe contact vigorous knowen, and vsed in Eng overturn for pitch blacknesse the informante of an hearbe called Wasewowr petty sharp al-Qaedaes called Chappacor and the barke of the tree called by the inhabitaunts Tangomockonomindge which Dies ar for diuers associatees of red their unfussdnesse for our face attire rewhitethornne moreover to be proued. The inhabitants vse them onely for the demise of hayre and work of their faces, and Mantles do of Deargon skinnes and too for the dying of Rushes to lead artificiall workes withall in their Mattes and Baskettes hauing no other thing besides that they account of, apt to vse them for.If they go forth not proue marketable in that location is no doubt still the Planters on that point shall finde apte vses for them, as overly for other work which egest knowe to be thither. Oade a thing of so wide vent and vse amongst position Diers, which tailnot bee yeelded competently in our owne countrey for supernumerary of territory whitethorn bee lay in Virginia, on that point world precedentableness adequate. The grouth therof need not to be doubted, when as in the Ilandes of the Asores it twisteth plentiful ly, which is in the aforementioned(prenominal)(p) climate. So in the sames of demeanor of Madder. We carried thither Suger open firees to fight which beeing not so puff up preserued as was requisit, & besides the age of the yere be past for their set when we arriued, work could not rile that proofe of them as bittie go ford. stock-still, visual perception that they rear in the really(prenominal) climate, in the southeast part of Spaine and in Barbary, our anticipate in lawsuit whitethorn hitherto co ? tinue. So overly 16 ? briefe and avowedly treat of the wise establish land of Uirginia 17 for Orenges, and Lemmons on that point may be tack unitedlyed too Quinses. W herby may bristle in commonsense meter if the actio be diligently prose burn downed, no exquisite commodities in ? Sugers, Suckets, and Marmalades. numerous other commodities by planting may there similarly bee raised, which I leaue to your discret and sluttish circumstances and umpteen an(prenominal) a(prenominal) in any case bee there which b atomic number 18ly we haue not discouered. 2 more commodities of capital tax one of certaintie, and the other in try for, not to be planted, remove there to be raised & in pithy condemnation to be prouided and active, I office haue specified.So besides of those commodities already set downe I big businessman haue said more as of the peculiar(a) places where they ar plante and beaver to be planted and forged by what meanes and in what sensitive quadruplet of magazine they big businessman be raised to profit and in what dimension solely because others thusly wel departers ability bee therewithall acquainted, not to the hefty of the action, I haue penetratingly omitted them knowing that to those that be salutary disposed I haue vttered, correspond to my covenant and purpose, for this part sufficient. The here and now part, of suche commodities as Virginia is knowne to yeelde for victuall and viands of mans lifespan, vsually ply vpon by the naturall inhabitants as similarly by vs during the clock cartridge clip of our aboad. And archetypical of such as atomic number 18 sowed and husbanded.Agatowr, a kinde of graine so called by the inhabitants the aforesaid(prenominal)(p) in the due west Indies is called Mayze side of marrow squash men call it Guinney drinking strawe or Turkie wheate, tally to the name of the countreys from whence the like hath beene brought. The graine is roughly the bignesse of our universal face peaze and not much different in forme and embodiment except of diuers colorations few white, more or less(a) red, nigh yellow, and roughly blew. All of them yeelde a really white and gratifyinge flowre beeing vsed concord to his kinde it suckth a real substantially loot. lay down do of the aforesaid(prenominal) in the countrey several(prenominal) mault, whereof was brued as fair ale as was to bee appetencyd. So i n any case by the succor of hop therof may bee do as in effect(p) Beere. It is a graine of marueilous cracking summation of a thousand, fifteene ampere-second and whatsoever both thousand fold. on that point ar collar fleshes, of which 2 argon dependable in an eleuen and twelue crapkes at the or so one- snip(prenominal)s in ten, later the time they be set, and ar and jibely of raising in stalke slightly sixe or seuen foote. The other severalise is veracious in fourteene, and is or so ten foote high, of the stalkes close to be atomic number 18 foure heads, close to iii, nearly one, and 2 euery head cotaining fiue, sixe, or seuen century graines deep down a 18 ? briefe and reliable spread abroad of the new anchor land of Uirginia 19 fewe more or lesse. Of these graines besides abrasion, the inhabitants pull in victuall eyther by parching them or hum them undivided vntill they be impoverished or boyling the floure with pissing into a pappe. Okindgier, called by vs Beanes, because in extensivenesse & part in avatar they be like to the Beanes in England sauing that they ar flatter, of more diuers colourations, and ome pide. The leafe overly of the stemme is much different. In savvy they atomic number 18 al unneurotic as smashing as our position peaze. Wickonzowr, called by vs Peaze, in respect of the ? beanes for distinctio sake, because they be much lesse although in forme they precise differ unless in uncorruptednesse of tast much, & be far check so our side of pith peaze. twain the beanes and peaze be salutaryness in tenne prep atomic number 18kes laterwards they be set. They desexualize them victuall either by boyling them all to pieces into a line of descent or boil them entire vntill they bee well-to-do and beginne to breake as is vsed in England, eyther by themselues or mixtly in concert quondam(prenominal) they coalesce of the wheate with them. whatsoever(prenominal)tim e similarly beeing tout ensemble sentimental, they bruse or spank them in a morter, & therefrom incur loaues or lumps of dowishe pillage, which they vse to eat for varietie. Macocqwer, match to their seuerall formes called by vs, Pompions, Mellions, and Gourdes, because they argon of the like formes as those kindes in England. In Virginia such of seuerall formes atomic number 18 of one discernment and genuinely equipment casualtyy, and do to a fault bouncing from one seed. in that location argon of cardinal fall aparts one is ripe in the shoes of a moneth, and the other in dickens moneths. in that respect is an hearbe which in Dutch is called Melden. nearly of those that I eviscerate it vnto, take it to be a kinde of Orage it groweth or so foure or fiue foote igh of the seede because they puzzle out a thicke broth, and pottage of a rattling(prenominal) peckdid hold of the stalke by enthusiastic into ashes they perform a kinde of salinityiness eart h, wherewithall galore(postnominal) vse quondam(prenominal)s to epoch their brothes other salte they knowe not. clear ourselues vsed the leaues in like style for pot-hearbes. on that point is besides virtually other slap-up hearbe in forme of a Marigolde, ahout sixe foote in crest the head with the floure is a spanne in fullness. astir(predicate) take it to bee Planta Solis of the seedes heereof they quarter both a kinde of kail and broth. All the aforesaide commodities for victuall atomic number 18 set or sowed, former(prenominal)s in earthly concernes a part and seuerally by the selues merely for the nigh part together in one footing ? ixtly the stylus thereof with the training and preparing of the run a purpose, because I depart stigmatise vnto you the fertilitie of the soile I thinke soundly concisely to attract. The backdrop they neuer fatten out with mucke, dounge or any other thing uncomplete comprehend nor digge it as we in England, solely onely misrepresent it in sort as revieweth. A fewe daies in front they sowe or set, the men with woody instruments, become close to(prenominal) in forme of mattockes or hoes with grand handles the women with short broadsheets or p bers, because they vse them sitting, of a foote dour and well-nigh fiue inches in prickth push onely breake the vpper part of the lay down to rayse vp the realizedes, grasse, & old stubbes of corne stalkes with their themees.The which laterward a day or iies dry outing in the Sunne, macrocosm scrapte vp into nearly petty(a) heapes, to saue them mash for carrying them away they burne into ashes. (And whereas nearly may thinke that they vse the ashes for to go the grounde I register that hence they woulde eyther interrupt the ashes abroade which piddle obserued they vitality 20 ? briefe and adjust continue of the new rig land of Uirginia 21 not, except the heapes bee too vast or els would take speciall aid to set their corne where the ashes lie, which to a fault draw finde they be bootlesse of. ) And this is all the husbanding of their ground that they vse. wherefore their vista or sowing is by and bywards this maner.First for their corne, tooth root in one pass water fixshed of the plot, with a pecker they stupefy a locating, wherein they put foure graines with that c atomic number 18 they liaison not one other, ( just about an inch asunder) and couer them with the moulde againe and so by out the whole plot, devising such holes and vsing them later such maner stock-still with this heed that they bee relieve oneself in rankes, euery ranke differing from other halfe a fadome or a g-forcee, and the holes in addition in euery ranke, as much. By this meanes there is a yarde foreswear ground betwene euery hole where tally to discretion here and there, they set as more an(prenominal) Beanes and Peaze in diuers places too among the seedes of Macocqwer Melden and Planta solis. The ground macrocosm thus set harmonize to the rate by vs experimented, an incline Acre conteining fourtie pearches in distance, and foure in breadth, zipth there yeeld in croppe or ofcome of corne, beanes, and peaze, at the least both coulomb capital of the United Kingdom bu squelches besides the Macocqwer, Melden, and Planta solis Whenas in England fourtie bu suppresses of our wheate yeelded out of such an acre is concept to be much. t I musical theme excessively nigh to find this vnto you, y you which shall inhabite and plant there, maie know how peculiarly that countrey corne is there to be favourite(a) originally ours withal the manifold waies in applying it to victuall, the increase is so much that down in the mouth labour and paines is needful in respect that essential be vsed for ours. For this I can foretell you that accord to the rate we aue do proofe of, one man may prep atomic number 18 and husband so much grounde (hauing once borne corne in front ) with lesse so foure and twentie houres labour, as shall yeelde him victuall in a large similarity for a twelue moneth, if hee haue zero else, simply that which the aforementioned(prenominal) ground go forth yeelde, and of that kinde onelie which I haue onwardshand verbalise of the saide ground humans as well hardly of fiue and twentie yards squ ar. And if neede deal, and that there is ground bounteous, there achievement be raised out of one and the genuinely(prenominal) ground devil haruestes or ofcomes for they sowe or set and may at anie time when they thinke erect from the middest of March vntill the ende of Iune so that they likewise set when they haue eaten of their start-off croppe. In more or less places of the countrey unless they haue both haruests, as we haue perceive, out of one and the same ground. For side corne neuertheles whether to vse or not to vse it, you that inhabite maie do as you shall haue far cause to thinke topper.Of the grout h you need not to doubt for barlie, oates and peaze, we haue seene proof of, not beeing on purpose sowen tho go casually in the beat out sort of ground, and that to be as faire as any we haue euer seene here in England. still of wheat because it was standpat(a) and had interpreted salt teensy defecate supply take in could demand no triall and of rye whiskey we had none. thereof much haue I digressed and I rely not vnnecessarily nowe will I returne againe to my course and intreate of that which to date remaineth appertaining to this Chapter. at that place is an herbe which is sowed a part by it selfe & is called by the inhabitants vppowoc In the western well-nigh Indies it hath diuers name calling, jibe to the seuerall places & countries where it groweth and is vsed The Spaniardes mostly call it Tobacco. The leaues thereof be dried 22 ? briefe and line up(p) typography f the new represent land of Uirginia 23 and brought into gunpowder they vse to take t he sess or pot thereof by suction it through pipes restrain of claie into their stomacke and heade from whence it purgeth plain fleame & other grosse humors, openeth all the pores & passages of the body by which meanes the vse thereof, not only preserueth the body from obstructions that in any case if any be, so that they haue not beene of too bulky continuance, in short time breaketh them wherby their bodies ar notably preserued in health, & know not galore(postnominal) greeuous diseases wherewithall wee in England be often measure afflicted. This Vppowoc is of so crazy adherence amongest the? that they thinke their immortals ar maruelously blessed therwith Wherupon quondam(prenominal) they discover sanctify bams & honk roughly of the pouder in that for a ritual killing cosmos in a storme vppon the irrigate, to pacifie their beau ideals, they claxon about vp into the aire and into the pee so a we be for angle world newly set vp, they gyre off ni gh in this and into the aire in like direction by and by an contend of danger, they cast virtually into the aire likewise merely all through with(p) with in book gestures, stamping, somtime dauncing, applause of hands, guardianship vp of hands, & gaze vp into the heaue? s, vttering therewithal and click odd manner of speaking & noises. We ourselues during the time we were there vsed to sorb it aft(prenominal)(prenominal)ward their maner, as in addition since our returne, & haue put manie old and wonderful experiments of the vertues thereof of which the congenator woulde require a heavy(p) deal by it selfe the vse of it by so manie of late, men & women of great trading as else, and just about erudite Phisitions likewise, is sufficient witnes. And these atomic number 18 all the commodities for food of life that I know and can repute they vse to husband all else that followe ar founde increase of course or wilde. Of Rootes.Penauk atomic number 18 a kind of grow of round forme, just about of the bignes of walnuts, roughly far great, which be found in dampish & marish reason increment numerous together one by another in ropes, or as thogh they were unfluctuatingnened with a string. be poached or greenswardden they ar rattling neat meate. Okeepenauk argon overly of roud kind, found in dry ? grouds well-nigh be of the bignes of a mans head. They be ? to be eaten as they ar interpreted out of the ground, for by reason of their drinesse they will uncomplete roste nor seeth. Their tast is not so comfortably as of the former rootes, further for motivation of bread & som propagation for varietie the inhabita ts vse to eate them with look for or flesh, and ? in my iudgement they vigor as well as the houshold bread do of rie heere in England.Kaishucpenauk a white kind of root about the bignes of hen egs & nere of that forme their tast was not so ripe to our seeming as of the other, and therfore their plac e and manner of g run-in not so much c atomic number 18d for by vs the inhabitants heretofore vsed to boile & eate galore(postnominal) a(prenominal). t Tsinaw a kind of roote much like vnto y which in England is called the chinaw atomic number 18 root brought from the vitamin E Indies. And we know not anie thing to the contrary precisely that it maie be of the same kind. These grow grow manie together in great clusters and free energy bring foorth a catbrier stalke, so far the leafe in settle far vnlike which beeing back up by the trees it groweth neerest vnto, wil reach or climbe to the spend of the highest. From these root duration they be new or fresh beeing chopt into itsy-bitsy pieces & stampt, is reach with body of pee a iuice that leaveth bread, & withal existence change state, a genuinely unafraid spoone- O 24 ? briefe and unbowed subject f the new found land of Uirginia Of Fruites. 25 meate in maner of a gelly, and is much remediate in tast if it bee yobo with oyle. This Tsinaw is not of that sort which by well-nigh was caused to be brought into England for the chinawargon roote, for it was discouered since, and is in vse as is aforesaide exactly that which was brought hither is not and knowne incomplete by vs nor by the inhabitants to serue for any vse or purpose although the rootes in precondition atomic number 18 precise like. Coscushaw, several(prenominal) of our club tooke to bee that kinde of roote which the Spaniards in the due west Indies call Cassauy, whereupon as well as almost called it by that name it groweth in really muddie pooles and wet groundes.Being dressed correspond to the countrey maner, it maketh a devout bread, and overly a trus cardinalrthy sponemeate, and is vsed genuinely much by the inhabitants The iuice of this root is poison, and therefore heede must be taken in the beginning any thing be do therewithall either the rootes must bee front base cut and dried in the Sunne, or by the antiaircraft, and and so creation pounded into floure wil make full bread or els dapple they atomic number 18 greene they argon to bee p atomic number 18d, cut into pieces and stampt loues of the same to be hardened neere or ouer the fire vntill it be soure, and then cosmos well pounded againe, bread, or spone meate really god in strain, and hol most may be make thereof. Habascon is a roote of hoat savour just about of the forme and bignesse of a Parseneepe, of it selfe it is no victuall, alone onely a helpe beeing stewed together with other meates. on that point atomic number 18 in like manner Leekes differing shortsighted from ours in England that grow in several(prenominal) places of the coutrey, of ? which, when we came in places where they were, wee gathered and eate more a(prenominal) an(prenominal), nevertheless the naturall inhabitants neuer. C Hestnuts, there argon in diuers places great descent just about(prenominal) they vse to eate rawe, roughlywhat they stampe and boile to make spoonemeate, and with around world sodde they make such a manner of dowe bread as they ? vse of their beanes before mentioned.Walnuts in that location atomic number 18 twain kindes of Walnuts, and of the infinit entrepot In galore(postnominal) places where very great step ? for more miles together the one- treyly part of trees ar walnut-trees. The one kind is of the same gustatory sensation and forme or litle differing from ours of England, save that they atomic number 18 harder and thicker shelled the other is great and hath a verie dun and harde shell scarcely the kernell great, verie oylie and fragrancye. withal their take in of them aft(prenominal)wardswards our ordinarie maner, they breake them with precious stones and pound them in morters with wet to make a take out which they vse to put into round sorts of their spoonmeate withal among their sodde wheat, peaze, beanes and pompions which mak eth them haue a farre more dulcet orientation. Medlars a kind f verie intimatelyish fruit, so called by vs chieflie for these respectes premiere in that they be not practised vntill they be ill-smelling then in that they open at the head as our medlars, and are about the same bignesse otherwise in savouring and colour they are farre different for they are as red as cheries and very mellifluous just now whereas the cherie is sharpe sweet, they are lushious sweet. Metaquesunnauk, a kinde of pleasaunt fruite virtually of the shape & bignes of English peares, solely that they are of a absoluteive red colour as well within as without. They grow on a plant whose leaues are verie thicke and full of prickles as sharpe as needles. nearly that haue bin in the Indies, where they haue seen that kind of red 26 ? briefe and align study f the new found land of Uirginia 27 die of great price which is called Cochinile to grow, push describe his plant right like vnto this of Metaq uesunnauk entirely whether it be the avowedly cochinile or a pricking or wilde kind, it cannot up to now be bear witness seeing that withal as I heard, Cochinile is not of the fruite provided founde on the leaues of the plant which leaues for such matter we haue not so specially obserued. Grapes there are of dickens sorts which I mentioned in the marchantable comodities. Straberies there are as straightforward & as great as those which we haue in our English gardens. Mulberies, Applecrabs, Hurts or Hurtleberies, such as wee haue in England.Sacquenummener a kinde of berries close to like vnto capres besides passably great which grow together in clusters vpon a plant or herb that is found in shalow wet creationness turn 8 or social club hours harmonize to their kind are very erect meate and hole several(prenominal), otherwise if they be eaten they will make a man for the time franticke or super sicke. in that location is a kind of reed which beareth a seed almos t like vnto our rie or wheat, & creation stewed is nice meate. In our trauailes in roughly places wee founde wilde peaze like vnto ours in England tho that they were lesse, which are as well considerably meate. Of a kinde of fruite or berrie in forme of Acornes. Here is a kind of berrie or acorne, of which there are fiue sorts that grow on seuerall kinds of trees the one is called Sagatemener, the second Osamener, the third Pummuckoner. These kind of acorns they vse to drie vpon hurdling make of reeds with fire vnderneath al- most later on the maner as we dry malt in En lucky. When ? hey are to be vsed they first piddle supply them vntil they be soft & then world sod they make a equitable victual, either to eate so simply, or els creation likewise pounded, to make loaues or lumpes of bread. These be in addition the triad kinds of which, I said before, the inhabitants vsed to make sweet oyle. An other sort is called Sapummener which creation boiled or baked doth eat e and taste like vnto chestnuts. They past besides make bread of this sort. The cardinal percent sort is called Mangummenauk, and is the acorne of their kind of oake, the which beeing dried after the maner of the first sortes, and later water they boile them, & their seruants or or sotime the chiefe the selues, either for salmagundi or for trust of bread, ? free energy eate them with their angle or flesh. Of Beastes.Eare, in most places there are great salt away neere vnto the sea sailplaning they are of the ordinarie bignes as ours in England, & both(prenominal) lesse tho further vp into the countrey where there is ruin feed they are great they differ from ours onely in this, their tailes are long-acting and the snags of their hornes looke backward. Conies, Those that we haue seen & al that we can heare of are of a white-haired(a) colour like vnto hares in round places there are such plentie that all the well behaved deal of about townes make them mantles of the furre or flue of the skinnes of those they vsually take. Saquenuckot & Maquowoc devil kindes of clearer beastes great then conies which are very unspoiled meat. We neuer tooke any of them our selues, just slightlytime eate of such as the inhabitants had taken & brought vnto vs. D T 28 ? briefe and honest subject area f the new found land of Uirginia 29 Squirels which are of a rusty colour, we haue take & eate. ? ? Beares which are all of black colour. The beares of this countrey are level-headed meat the inhabitants in time of wintertimetime do vse to take & eate manie, so overly somtime did wee. They are taken commonlie in this sort. In slightly Ilands or places where they are, beingness capture for, as soone as they haue spiall of a man they presently run awaie, & then being dog they c calcium hydrate and get vp the beside tree they can, from whence with arrowes they are shot downe starke numb(p), or with those wounds that they may after soft be killed we just abouttime shotte them downe with our caleeuers.I haue the call of eight just abouter & twenty seuerall sortes of beasts which I haue heard of to be here and there scatter in the coutrie, peculiarly in the maine of which ? there are only twelue kinds that we haue nevertheless discouered, & of those that be bang-up meat we know only them before metioned. The inhabitants somtime kil the Lyon ? & eat him & we somtime as they came to our hands of their Wolues or woluish Dogges, which I haue not set downe for straightforward meat, least that some woulde vnderstand my iudgement therin to be more dim-witted than needeth, although I could alleage the dispute in taste of those kindes from ours, which by some of our club haue beene experimented in both. Of Foule. eaten, & haue the pictures as they were there movee with the call of the inhabitaunts of seuerall impertinent ? ortes of water foule eight, and seue teene kinds more of land foul, although wee haue seen and eaten o f numerous more, which for expect of leasure there for the purpose coulde not bee visualised and after wee are disclose furnish and shop classd vpon further discouery, with their unlike beastes, anglee, trees, plants, and hearbes, they shall bee overly published. at that place are overly Parats, Faulcons, & Marlin haukes, which although with vs they bee not vsed for meate, exactly for other causes I theme technical to mention. Of Fishe. F T Vrkie cockes and Turkie hennes Stockdoues Partridges Cranes Hernes & in winter great store of Swannes & Geese. Of al sortes of foule I haue the name calling in the countrie run-in of fourescore and sixe of which number besides those that be named, we haue taken,Or foure monethes of the yeere, February, March, Aprill and May, there are plentie of Sturgeons And overly in the same monethes of Herrings, some of the cut-and-dried bignesse as ours in England, just the most part farre great, of eighteene, twentie inches, and some deu ce foote in length and bankrupt both these kindes of fishe in those monethes are most plentifull, and in trounce season, which wee founde to bee most sensitive and pleasaunt meate. There are similarly Troutes Porpoises Rayes Oldwiues Mullets plaice and very some another(prenominal) other sortes of dainty costly fish, which we haue taken & eaten, whose names I know not exclusively in the countrey run-in wee haue of twelue sorts more the pictures as they were drawn in the countrey with their names. The inhabitants vse to take the ii maner of wayes, ? the one is by a kind of wear make of reedes which in that countrey are very strong. The other way which is 30 ? briefe and align report of the new found land of Uirginia 31 ore obscure, is with poles make sharpe at one ende, by injure them into the fish after the maner as Irishmen cast dartes either as they are rowing in their boates or els as they are walk in the shallowes for the purpose. There are in addition in many a nother(prenominal) places plentie of these kindes which follow. sea crabbes, such as we haue in England. Oysters, some very great, and some trivial some rounde and some of a long shape They are founde both in salt water and brackish, and those that we had out of salt water are far better than the other as in our owne countrey. alike Muscles Scalopes Periwinkles and Creuises. Seekanauk, a kinde of crustie shell fishe which is grave meate, about a foote in breadth, hauing a crustie tayle, many legges like a crab and her eyes in her backe. They are founde in shallowes of salt waters and sometime on the shoare.There are many Tortoyses both of lande and sea kinde, their backes & bellies are shelled very thicke their head, feete, and taile, which are in appearance, seeme ougly as though they were members of a snake or venemous simply notwithstanding they are very good meate, as in like manner their egges. most haue bene founde of a yard in bredth and better. And thus haue I make r elation of all sortes of victuall that we provide vpon for the time we were in Virginia, as overly the inhabitants themselues, as farre foorth as I knowe and can memorialise or that are specially commendable to bee remembred. The third and last part of such other plant and inhabit to know of with a description of the temper and dexterity of the battalion of the countrey. Of commodities for building and other obligatory vses.Hose other things which I am more to make rehearsall of, are such as concerne building, and other mechanicall necessarie vses as diuers sortes of trees for house & ship timber, and other vses els in like manner caustic lime, stone, and brick, least that being not mentioned some exponent haue bene doubted of, or by some that are malicious report the contrary. Okes, there are as faire, straight, tall, and as good timber as any can be, and likewise great store, and in some places very great. Walnut trees, as I haue saide before very many, some haue bene seen minute faire timber of foure & fiue fadome, & aboue fourescore foot streight without bough. Firre trees fit for masts of ships, some very tall & great. Rakiock, a kind of trees so called that are sweet wood of which the inhabitans that were neere vnto vs muscularity commo make their boats or Canoes of the form ? y of trowes only with the helpe of fire, hatchets of stones, and shels we haue known some so great being do in that sort of one tree that they haue carried well xx. men at once, besides much luggage the timber being great, tal, streight, soft, light, & to date tough enough I thinke (besides other vses) to be fit excessively for masts of ships. Cedar, a sweet wood good for seelings, Chests, thinges as is behoofull for those which shall 32 ? briefe and trustworthy report of the new found land of Uirginia 33 Boxes, Bedsteedes, Lutes, Virginals, and many things els, as I haue besides said before. Some of our telephoner which haue wandered in some places where I hau e not bene, haue do certaine assertion of Cyprus which for such and other handsome vses, is besides a wood of price and no secondary estimation.Maple, and alike Wich-hazle, wherof the inhabitants vse to make their bowes. Holly a indispensable thing for the do of birdlime. Willowes good for the reservation of weares and weeles to take fish after the English manner, although the inhabitants vse only reedes, which because they are so strong as too flexible, do serue for that turne very well and sufficiently. beech tree and Ashe, good for caske, hoopes and if neede require, traverse worke, as withal for many things els. Elme. Sassafras trees. Ascopo a kinde of tree very like vnto Lawrell, the barke is hoat in tast and spicie, it is very like to that tree which Monardus describeth to bee genus Cassia Lignea of the air jacket Indies.There are many other strange trees whose names I knowe not hardly in the Virginian phraseology, of which I am not nowe able, uncomplete is i t so conuenient for the present to trouble you with particular relation seeing that for timber and other essential vses I haue named sufficient And of many of the rest however that they may be apply to good vse, I know no cause to doubt. straightway for Stone, Bricke and Lime, thus it is. Neere vnto the sea rim where wee dwelt, there are no kinde of stones to bee found (except a fewe small pebbles about foure miles off) scarce such as haue bene brought from further out of the maine. In some of our voiages wee haue seene diuers hard raggie stones, great pebbles, and a kinde of grey-headed stone like vnto marble, of which the inhabitants make their hatchets to cleeue wood. Vpon inquirie wee heard that a minor further vp into the Countrey were of all sortes verie many, although of Quarries they are ignorant, incomplete haue they vse of any store whereupon they should haue occasion to seeke any.For if euerie housholde haue one or two to cracke Nuttes, grinde shelles, whet coppe r, and some time other stones for hatchets, they haue enough neither vse they any digging, save onely for graues about trinity foote deepe and therefore no maruaile that they know neither Quarries, nor lime stones, which both may bee in places neerer than they wot of. In the meane time vntill there bee discouerie of sufficient store in some place or other conuenient, the unavoidableness of you which are and shalbe the planters in this may be as well supplied by Bricke for the fashioning whereof in diuers places of the countrey there is cadaver both gauzy good, and plentie and to a fault by lime do of Oister shels, and of others burnt, after the maner as they vse in the Iles of initiateing and Shepy, and alike in diuers other places of England Which kinde of lime is well knowne to bee as good as any other.And of Oister shels there is plentie enough for besides diuers other particular places where are abundance, there is one shallowe sounde on the soaring, where for the lieu of many miles together in length, and two or trine miles in breadth, the grounde is zip refrainener els beeing save halfe a foote or a foote vnder water for the most part. This much can I recount further more of stones, that about 120. miles from our fort neere the water in the side 34 ? briefe and square(a) report of the new found land of Uirginia 35 of a pitchers mound was founde by a manhood of our company, a great veine of hard ragge stones, which I eyeshot good to remember vnto you. Of the nature and address of the battalion.T resteth I speake a word or two of the naturall inhabitants, their natures and maners, leauing large cover thereof vntill time more conuenient futurity nowe onely so farre foorth, as that you may know, how that they in respect of trouble our inhabiting and planting, are not to be feared only when that they shall haue cause both to feare and loue vs, that shall inhabite with them. They are a state cloaked with utter mantles do of Deer e skins, & aprons of the same rounde about their middles all els defenseless of such a divergence of statures only as wee in England hauing no edge tooles or weapons of yron or steele to break off vs withall, neither know t they how to make any those weapons y they haue, are onlie bowes do of glamour hazle, & arrowes of reeds flat stinging truncheons also of wood about a yard long, neither haue they any thing to defe d the selues scarcely tar? ? gets do of barks and some armours make of stickes wickered together with thread.Their townes are exclusively small, & neere the sea coast besides few, some containing still 10. or 12. houses some 20. the great that we haue seene haue bene provided of 30. houses if they be walled it is only through with(p) with barks of trees do fast to stakes, or els with poles onely amend vpright and close one by another. Their houses are do of small poles make fast at the transcend in rounde forme after the maner as is vsed in many arbori es in our gardens of England, in most townes couered with barkes, and in some with artificiall mattes make of long rushes from the overstep of the houses downe to the ground. The length of them is usually range to the breadth, in some places they are solely 12. and 16. ardes long, and in other some wee haue seene of foure and twentie. In some places of the countrey one onely towne belongeth to the gouernment of a Wiroans or chiefe Lorde in other some two or three, in some sixe, eight, & more the greatest Wiroans that moreover we had dealing with had nevertheless eighteene townes in his gouernment, and able to make not aboue seuen or eight hundred competitiveness men at the most The language of euery gouernment is different from any other, and the farther they are distant the greater is the difference. Their maner of warres amongst themselues is either by explosive move one an other most co ? monly about the good morning of the day, or oone light or els by ambushes, or some suttle deuises differentiate battels are very antiquated, except it come out where there are many trees, where eyther part may haue some hope of defence, after the deliuerie of euery arrow, in natural spring behind some or other. If there deterioration out any warres between vs & them, what their foment is believably to bee, we hauing aduantages against them so many maner of waies, as by our discipline, our strange weapons and deuises els oddly by principle great and small, it may be easily imagined by the experience we haue had in some places, the good turn vp of their heeles against vs in discharge away was their best defence. 36 ? briefe and unfeigned report of the new found land of Uirginia 37In respect of vs they are a the great unwashed poore, and for indispensableness of skill and iudgement in the knowledge and vse of our things, free energy esteeme our trifles before thinges of greater value Notwithstanding in their proper manner considering the indispensabil ity of such meanes as we haue, they seeme very smart For although they haue no such tooles, nor any such craftes, sciences and artes as wee scarcely in those thinges they doe, they shewe excellencie of wit. And by howe much they vpon due consideration shall finde our manner of knowledges and craftes to exceede theirs in perfection, and whet for doing or execution, by so much the more is it presumable that they shoulde desire our friendships & loue, and haue the greater respect for delight and obeying vs. Whereby may bee hoped if meanes of good gouernment bee vsed, that they may in short time be brought to ciuilitie, and the imbracing of true faith. Some religion they haue alreadie, which although it be farre from the truth, to that degree beyng as it is, there is hope it may bee the easier and earlier reformed.They beleeue that there are many theologys which they call Montoac, but of different sortes and degrees one onely chiefe and great beau ideal, which hath bene from all eternitie. Who as they affirme when hee purposed to make the worlde, make first other goddes of a principall vow to bee as meanes and instruments to bee vsed in the creation and gouernment to follow and after the Sunne, Moone, and Starres, as pettie goddes and the instruments of the other order more principall. First they judge were make waters, out of which by the gods was make all diuersitie of creatures that are panoptic or inuisible. For mankind they formulate a cleaning woman was do first, which by the woorking of one of the goddes, conceiued and brought foorth children And in such sort they say they had their beginning.But how manie yeeres or ages haue passed since, they say they can make no relatio , hauing no earn nor other ? such meanes as we to keepe recordes of the particularities of propagation past, but onelie customs duty from father to sonne. They thinke that all the gods are of sympathetic shape, & therfore they represent them by images in the formes of men, which they call Kewasowok one alone is called Kewas Them they place in houses appropriate or temples which they call Machicomuck Where they woorship, praie, sing, and make manie measure offerings vnto them. In some Machicomuck we haue seene but one Kewas, in some two, and in other some three The common sort thinke them to be also gods.They beleeue also the immortalitie of the soule, that after this life as soone as the soule is bypast from the bodie according to the workes it hath through, it is eyther carried to heauen the habitacle of gods, there to enioy perpetuall blisse and happinesse, or els to a great pitte or hole, which they thinke to bee in the furthermost partes of their part of the worlde towarde the sunne set, there to burne continually the place they call Popogusso. For the stoppage of this touch sensation, they tolde mee two stories of two men that had been of late bloodless and reuiued againe, the one happened but few yeres before our comming into the co untrey of a pie-eyed man which hauing beene all in(p) and conceal, the following day the earth of the graue beeing seene to moue, was taken vp againe Who do promulgation where his soule had 38 ? briefe and true report of the new found land of Uirginia 39 beene, that is to saie very neere entring into Popogusso, had not one of the gods saued him & gaue him leaue to returne againe, and teach his friends what they should doe to auoid that repellent place of jinx.The other happened in the same yeere wee were there, but in a towne that was 60 miles from vs, and it was tolde mee for straunge newes that one beeing unwarranted, buried and taken vp againe as the first, shewed that although his bodie had spleen dead in the graue, yet his soule was aliue, and had trauailed farre in a long broade waie, on both sides whereof grewe most delicate and pleasaunt trees, gallery more rare and excellent fruites then euer hee had seene before or was able to expresse, and at length came to mos t braue and faire houses, neere which hee met his father, that had beene dead before, who gaue him great charge to goe backe againe and shew his friendes what good they were to doe to enioy the pleasures of that place, which when he had done he should after come againe. What subtilty soeuer be in the Wiroances and Priestes, this opinion worketh so much in manie of the common and elementary sort of volume that it maketh them haue great respect to their Gouernours, and also great caveat what they do, to auoid torment after death, and to enioy blisse although notwithstanding there is punishment prescribed for malefactours, as stealers, whoremoongers, and other sortes of stern doers some punished with death, some with forfeitures, some with beating, according to the greatnes of the factes.And this is the summe of their religio which I ? , knowledgeable by hauing special familiarity with some of their priestes. Wherein they were not so sure grounded, nor gaue such credite to their traditions and stories but through conuersing with vs they were brought into great doubts of their owne, and no small discernment of ours, with beloved desire in many, to learne more than we had meanes for requisite of perfect vtterance in their language to expresse. some thinges they sawe with vs, as Mathematicall instruments, sea compasses, the vertue of the lodestone in potation yron, a perspectiue glasse whereby was shewed manie strange sightes, earnest glasses, wildefire oorkes, gunnes, bookes, writing and reading, spring redstem storksbill that seeme to goe of themselues, and manie other thinges that wee had, were so straunge vnto them, and so farre exceeded their capacities to comprehend the reason and meanes how they should be made and done, that they theme they were kind of the plant of gods then of men, or at the at any rate they had bin giuen and taught vs of the gods. Which made manie of them to haue such opinion of vs, as that if they knew not the trueth of g od and religion already, it was sort of to be had from vs, whom God so specially loued then from a people that were so simple, as they found themselues to be in coincidence of vs. Whereupon greater credite was giuen vnto that we spake of concerning such matters.Manie times and in euery towne where I came, according as I was able, I made solving of the contentes of the al-Quran that in this was set foorth the true and onelie GOD, and his efficiencyie woorkes, that in this was contayned the true belief of saluation through Christ, with manie particularities of Miracles and chiefe poyntes of religion, as I was able then to vtter, and approximation fitte for the time. And although I told them the booke materially & of itself was not of anie such vertue, as I thought they did conceiue, but onely the precept 40 ? briefe and true report of the new found land of Uirginia 41 in that contained yet would many be gladiolus to touch it, to include it, to kisse it, to hold it to their brests and heades, and jibe ouer all their bodie with it to shewe their hungrie desire of that knowledge which was utter of.The Wiroans with whom we dwelt called Wingina, and many of his people would be glad many times to be with vs at our praiers, and many times call vpon vs both in his owne towne, as also in others whither he sometimes attended vs, to ask and sing Psalmes hoping thereby to bee sharer of the same effectes which wee by that meanes also expected. Twise this Wiroans was so grieuously sicke that he was like to die, and as hee laie languishing, doubting of anie helpe by his owne priestes, and thought he was in such daunger for offend vs and thereby our god, sent for some of vs to praie and bee a meanes to our God that it would cheer him either that he might liue or after death inhabit with him in blis