Our Journey to the New World

For Two days Martha rode in the back of the dusty wagon and cried. She was one big mess. Feeling sorry for herself, and mad at the whole family. Pa stopped the wagon, and everybody got out to eat, Everybody but Martha. She just sat where she was, moping instead of crying, till she'd run out of tears. â€Å"Martha Madison, are you going to eat something?' asked ma. â€Å"You know I can't swallow when I'm upset,† she told Ma. â€Å"Leave her be,† said Pa. â€Å"My Martha has a mind and a stomach of her own.† â€Å"I'll take her gingerbread,† said Billy. He was Martha's older brother, only one year older. Ma plunked Bob on Martha's lap. â€Å"Well, if you're not going to eat, how about looking after your baby brother?† Bob was a cute little rascal, but Martha was busy thinking about her home back in Jackson, Mississippi and her friend Denis. Martha missed her home and wanted to go back home. Denis and Martha swore to be friends forever, but the creaky old wagon was putting more miles between them everyday. Billy and Bob liked traveling in the wagon, the same with Pa. Ma wasn't the complaining sort, but Martha just hated traveling. Ma said to many times to Martha, â€Å"Your Pa's got itchy feet. He's a traveling man and he'll keep on moving west till we run out of land.† Everybody was excited about going to Saint Joseph, Missouri. It was where Pa was bringing them to join a wagon train headed for Oregon. It took them two weeks to reach Saint Joe. When they got to Saint Joe it was Pa and Billy who turn to be disappointed. They were too late for the wagon train. It had been gone for a week. They'd have to wait a month for the next one. After their long miserable ride from Jackson things moved pretty fast. By late afternoon they were set up in two little rooms on Mudd Street. And Pa found a job with the New West Harness Company. Martha and Ma had supper ready. They all crowded around the table and joined hands. Pa said grace and they all said â€Å"Amen.† After supper Ma spread two blankets on the floor for Martha and Billy. Pa and Ma and Bob took the big bed in the other room. And everyone was sound asleep. Pa worked all day at the New West Harness Company. â€Å"Missing that wagon train may turn out to be a blessing,† said Pa. â€Å"Why?† said Ma. â€Å"It'll give me time to bargain for all the things we'll need for Oregon,† answered Pa. First Pa bought extra oxen. Then he traded their old wagon in for a big new one with a canvas top. â€Å"How does she look?† he cried. â€Å"Looks like a cross between a boat and a wagon,† said Ma. â€Å"That's why they call these contraptions prairie schooners,† said Pa. â€Å"We're going to sail her all the way to Oregon!† shouted Billy. Martha had to laugh. The wagon did look like a ship, with its big white canvas top. There small rooms in the wagon were crammed with things for the trip. Bags of dried beans, tin buckets of lard and brown sugar, and jars of apple jelly all these things crowded around their beds. When Martha looked up at night, Martha was staring at slabs of bacon and dried beef hanging from the ceiling. â€Å"We'll need enough food to last us through six months,† said Ma. Saint Joe was filling up fast. New wagons pulled in, crammed with goods and people. New children and dogs were all over the place. Martha's worries came to her head the day Pa said, â€Å"Time to pack the wagon. Captain Jonah, the trail boss, says the train moves tomorrow.† Billy and Pa loaded all the heavy boxes into the wagon. â€Å"It's going to hard to fit everything in the wagon,† she said. â€Å"But all of us ought to have our own little space. You can take anything you want, as long as it fits into your box.† Martha took out her box out to the porch. It wouldn't hold much. Maybe the box would hold her doll with the china head and her hair ribbons. Leaving Saint Joe was going to be just as bad a leaving Jackson. At breakfast Pa said grace. â€Å"Dear Lord, give us a good journey and safekeeping. And bring us finally to Oregon if it be thy will.† Everyone rolled up there bedding and put it in the wagon. Martha helped Ma hang her pots on big hooks on the outside of the wagon. Pa said, â€Å"I'm going to drive the wagon to the front of the house. Just to see how she pulls.† They all watched. Billy bounced up beside Pa. â€Å"Giddup!† shouted Pa. The oxen strained under the load. The wagon jerked forward. â€Å"She rides real smooth,† called Pa. â€Å"Everybody hop in.† Ma climbed up with Bob. The grove outside Saint Joe where the wagon train formed looked like a big campground. Children ran yelling and playing around the wagons, dogs joined in, barking and chasing after kids. Pa finally found Captain Jonah. He gave Pa a number for our wagon number 49. Billy asked Pa if he could carve the number on the side of the wagon. â€Å"You can do more than that,† said Pa. â€Å"We've got to keep track of the days. Carve a notch for each weekday and a long mark for each Sunday.† Martha felt cheated. Pa always gave Billy the important things to do. But Pa surprised Martha. â€Å"Come with me, Martha girl,† he said. â€Å"I've got a special job for you.† Pa lifted up a round tin can from under the wagon seat. Then he showed Martha how to put axle grease on the big wagon wheels. â€Å"Every day it gets dark I want you to grease each wheel, Martha. Then check all the spokes for cracks. Let me know if you find anything wrong.† said Pa. Martha stared at the big wheels. They were as tall as her. Pa said, â€Å"It's these wheels that will get us to Oregon. You've got a sharp eye, Martha. I'm trusting our wheels to you.† Pa managed to get there wagon through all the confusion. Finally they found wagon number 48. They pulled up right behind it. Toward the front of the line they could hear a lot of shouting. â€Å"I can't make it out,† said Pa At first Martha couldn't make it out either. Then she got it clear. â€Å"They're shouting, ‘Wagons, ho!† she cried. The air was ringing with â€Å"Wagons, ho!† too. Martha thought it was pretty exciting, before she knew it she was yelling, â€Å"Wagons, ho!† too. The white tops of the wagons in front of us started bobbing up and down. â€Å"Giddup!† shouted Pa. â€Å"Oregon, here we come!† yelled Billy. Martha crawled over the boxes and sacks to the back of the wagon. She raised the lid of her box, and there she saw her doll. â€Å"We're on our way, Miss Chocolate,† she whispered. â€Å"So far, so good.† The canvas topped wagons were like ovens. Billy and Martha found out they could walk as fast as the train moved. It was cooler to walk, too. The first day they were walking beside the wagon, she met a big girl who was in wagon 48. She was a sight. Wild, curly, carrot colored hair shot out in all directions around her head. Her calico dress looked about two sizes too large. She wore it hitched up so you could see the big brogan shoes on her feet. This big headed girl walked right up to Martha and said, â€Å"My name's Laura Smith. What's yours?† â€Å"Martha Madison,† she told her. â€Å"Let's be friends, I'll look after you,† said Laura. â€Å"But I don't need anybody to look after me,† Martha told her. â€Å"Rats!† she said. â€Å"Everybody needs a friend, and I am the best looker you'll ever meet. I do all the looking after for my Pa.† â€Å"What about your Ma?† asked Martha. â€Å"Ma's dead a year now,† she said. â€Å"And you cook and wash and do everything?† asked Martha. â€Å"Everything,† boomed Laura. â€Å"Promised Ma I'd look after Pa.† Then Laura said, â€Å"Stick with me, honey. You won't have a thing to worry about. Let's shake on it.† When the shadows started getting long, a message came down the line of wagons. â€Å"Campsite for the night about a mile ahead,† yelled the scout. By the time they made the circle with the wagons it was late afternoon. Pa and Billy unhitched the oxen to let them graze on grass. Martha helped Ma get a cook fire started. Then Martha got the tin bucket from under the wagon seat and greased the wheels. She felt every spoke till they were smooth as glass. Supper on the prairie that first night was delicious. Cook fires circled the big camp. There was lots of visiting back and forth. Laura came barreling over to there campfire. She didn't give Martha a chance to even introduce her. â€Å"I'm Laura Smith,† she said, grabbing first Ma's, then Pa's hand. When she went to Billy, he stepped back and just nodded his head. â€Å"Welcome,† said Ma. â€Å"Would you like some coffee?† â€Å"No, I'm full as a boardinghouse bedbug,† said Lauren, patting her stomach. Everyone laughed. Then Laura settled down with them like a longtime friend. In one of the wagons someone was playing a fiddle. Martha looked up at the sky. About a million sparkling stars were winking at her. It was a perfect night. From the first day, Billy was asking, â€Å"When are we going to see some buffalo?† But he had carved ten notches on the wagon before we spotted any. â€Å"I'd sure like to see one of them beasts up close!† he cried. â€Å"I like them right where they are,† Martha said. In a way Martha soon got a lot closer to the buffalo. They ran out of firewood and had to burn dried buffalo droppings. They were called â€Å"chips.† The longer they were on the trail, the hotter it got. Everybody was glad to see the sun set. At least it was cooler at night. But when night came, so did thousands of buffalo gnats. The only way to keep from being eaten alive was to sit close to the campfires. The gnats hated smoke more than they liked humans. Martha sneaked over to Laura's wagon , and got dozens of bites. Late one afternoon Laura and Martha were counting the notches Billy had carved. â€Å"It's hard to believe we've been on the trail almost three weeks,† Martha commented. â€Å"Not for me,† said Laura. â€Å"I feel like I've already walked three thousand miles and picked up a million buffalo chips!† While they were laughing, Martha heard a rumbling sound. â€Å"You hear that?† asked Martha. â€Å"Sounds like thunder,† said Laura. From the front of the train two scouts came riding towards them. â€Å"Swing the wagons in a circle!† they shouted. â€Å"What's wrong?† asked Pa. â€Å"Buffalo stampede!† shouted the scouts. The rumbling was growing louder. Laura ran to her wagon. In a few minutes the wagons were in a raged circle. Ma and Martha ducked under the wagon with Bob. Pa and Billy grabbed guns and crawled behind the big wagon wheels. All Martha could see was a big dark cloud mobbing towards them. â€Å"Where are the buffalo?† Martha asked. â€Å"In the dust cloud,† said Pa. â€Å"There must be thousands of them.† Captain Jonah rode up. â€Å"Have your guns ready!† he shouted. â€Å"But don't shoot until I give you the order.† The buffalo were close. Martha could taste dust in her mouth. Then, in the moving dust cloud, she saw them. They were packed tight, like a solid wall. Their heads were down. Their tails were in the air. The ground shook under their pounding hooves. â€Å"Hold your fire!† commanded Captain Jonah. Martha was sure the buffalo would crush them any second. She closed her eyes. â€Å"Fire! Fire! Fire!,† shouted Captain Jonah. The guns barked and Martha's eyes flew open. Several buffalo in the front of the pack crumpled to the ground. More and more piled up behind them. But one huge wounded beast kept coming. He plowed into a wagon near there's. There was this sickening thud. The wagon rolled over. Martha heard screams and more gunfire's. The huge shaggy buffalo was slumped against a schooner. A red stain was spreading in the sand around the dead buffalo. Martha felt sick. But the gunfire was working. The solid line of buffalo split in the middle. They turned away from the pile of dead buffalo and ran past the wagons. Martha could see hundreds of brown shaggy legs flying by their wagon. â€Å"We've broken the stampede!† shouted Captain Jonah. The mad, rushing buffalo swung wide of the wagons. Soon the last of the huge herd passed them by. The dust began to settle. The thundering roar of the stampede faded away. â€Å"We're safe now,† said Pa. â€Å"I'm going over to help the folks under the wagon and shook the dust off. Back at the wagon Pa told us we were going to stay put for the night. â€Å"It'll give us time to skin some buffalo for supper,† he said. Billy went to skin the dead buffalo. Martha started greasing the wagon wheels. The men came back with big buffalo steaks. Ma fixed some for there supper. Martha couldn't eat the tough meat. Martha stared out across the starlit prairie. She felt so lonely. As far as she could see there was nothing just flat prairie stretching on and on. â€Å"Where is your Pa?† asked Captain Jonah. â€Å"Over there,† Grasped Martha, pointing in the opposite direction. The Captain rode away, in a hurry. When Pa came back to there wagon, he said we would make camp early. â€Å"Why?† asked Ma. â€Å"Indians,† said Pa. â€Å"They've been tracking us all day.† For three days the scouts reported: â€Å"Indians still tracking us.† â€Å"They probably only want to do some trading,† Captain Jonah reassured us. â€Å"The important thing is that no one panics and does something foolish. I've brought many wagon trains through Indian country and I had never had any real trouble.† It was late in the afternoon on the fourth day when Martha saw them. At first they were tiny specks bobbing up and down far out on the plains. â€Å"They're on horseback,† said Laura. The scouts rushes up shouting, â€Å"Circle the wagons!† As soon as the circle was made, Pa grabbed his gun. Then he joined the men lined up behind Captain Jonah. Martha peeked through a slit in the canvas. A long line of Indians on horseback were moving slowly toward them. It was so still and quiet, Martha could hear everyone breathing in the wagon. Suddenly the Indians stopped. Captain Jonah made a sign with his hands. An Indian who must have been the chief returned Captain Jonah's sign. Then Captain Jonah and the chief rode out and met in the middle. For a few minutes they talked, and made signs with their hands. Then Captain Jonah turned and went back to his men. The chief did the same. Crack! A single gunshot rang out from one of there wagons. The pony one of the young Indians was ridding stumbled and crashed to the ground. The rider went down with him. Our scouts raced back toward the wagon train, yelling, â€Å"Hold your fire!† The Indians pulled up around the wounded pony and the fallen rider. Captain Jonah dashed up to them and jumped off his horse. Martha was sure the Indians would kill him. Why didn't the scouts go to his rescue? Instead the scouts kept yelling, â€Å"For God's sake, don't shoot!† In a few minutes that seemed to last forever, the crowd around the fallen rider parted. The young Indian who had gone down with the pony looked dead. The captain rushed back to the wagons. The Indians made a long line facing them. They just stood there, silent and threatening. â€Å"Who fired that shot?† demanded the captain angrily. Two scouts dragged a man from wagon 42. â€Å"That was a stupid thing to do, Ned Butcher!† shouted the captain. Ned stared to protest. But Captain Jonah shouted, â€Å"I don't care about your excuses. I only care about the safety of the folks on this wagon train. I could hang you for disobeying orders. Or I could just hand you over to the Indians.† Ned's wife rushed up to Captain Jonah. She stared to pleading with him. Captain Jonah motioned her away. â€Å"All they wanted was to trade hides for blankets and sugar. Now the stakes are higher. Thank God the boy's only stunned. But the pony is dead. Either we supply them with two oxen and sugar and blankets, or we can expect an attack. Those are the terms!† The men started shouting all at once. Captain Jonah held up his hand for silence. â€Å"They're going to sit there for a half hour. If we don't have the oxen and other stuff outside the wagon train by then, they're going to come swooping down on us. I've told the chief we'd meet their demands.† â€Å"Ned Butcher, you have 4 oxen. Unhitch two of them for the Indians,† commanded the captain. â€Å"But only two oxen can't pull my wagon,† Ned protested. â€Å"You can lighten your load by dumping some of it right here.† â€Å"Every wagon must give a pound of sugar and a blanket,† said Captain Jonah. â€Å"And be quick about it! Our time is running out.† In just a few minutes every person piled up a great mound of blankets and sugar. Captain Jonah and the scouts brought out the two oxen. They staked them by the sugar and blankets. Then everyone pulled back behind the wagons. â€Å"Keep your guns ready, men. But don't make a move unless I give order!† shouted Captain Jonah. Suddenly the still, silent line of Indians plodded. They came racing toward them. They were yelling and waving guns and spears, kicking up clouds of dust. Martha expected arrows and bullets to rip through the wagon any second. When the Indians reached the staked oxen, the pile of blankets and sugar, the Indians stopped in a cloud of dust. Suddenly the wagon train started to move out. When Martha looked back, the Indians were dividing up the blankets and sugar. They were chattering and laughing and didn't seem the least bit warlike. That night as they sat around the campfire, they celebrated there coming to Oregon. In the morning Captain Jonah pushed the wagon train hard after the Indian scare. â€Å"This is the hard part of the trip,† he said. â€Å"We've got a tough river to ford before we cross the mountains.† â€Å"But the oxen are worn out,† one of the men protested. â€Å"Get out of the wagons and walk!† snapped the captain. Then he made it an order. â€Å"Everybody walks from here on.† All of them plodded along beside our wagons in the boiling sun. â€Å"If you had three wishes, what would you wish for?† Laura asked Martha. â€Å"Ice, ice, and more ice!† â€Å"Your wishes wouldn't last a minute in this heat,† said Laura. They kept walking in the whole terrible heat. One day they came upon a long line of boxes, trunks, and furniture scattered beside the trail. Lauren and Martha ran over to see what was in the trunks. â€Å"Keep moving!† shouted one of the scouts. â€Å"Just count yourself lucky we don't have to dump all our goods. Take a like over there!† Martha gasped. Sun bleached skeletons of oxen lay in the sand. â€Å"Their teams gave out,† explained the scout. â€Å"They doubled up and went on as best they could. Move along now. We've got a river to ford up ahead. By the time they reached the river, the scouts were struggling to get ropes strung across. The muddy water looked ready to overflow the riverbanks. The oxen had a hard time making it across. But finally the scouts got two short ropes anchored across the river. Then the captain gave the signal. â€Å"One driver to a wagon, everybody else, over on the ropes!† he ordered. Pa drove there big schooner into the river. â€Å"She floats like a boat!† he called They plunged into the water. Martha could see Laura up ahead on the rope. At first it felt good just to be cool again. Then in the deeper water Martha began to feel the strong pull of the undertow. Billy called behind Martha. â€Å"Hey, this is fun!† Martha was about to tell him to hold tight, since he'd soon be in the undertow. But Billy shouted again. â€Å"Look, no hands!† Martha turned, there he was, treading water with both hands off the rope. â€Å"Billy!† called Martha. â€Å"Stop that!† You know you can't swim!† He struck the undertow and went under like a rock. Martha was so frighten, she couldn't even call for help. Billy popped back up right next to her. He was coughing and spitting water. Martha grabbed his arm. But she was thrashing around so wildly, Martha lost her grip on the rope. They both went whirling toward the center of the river. They shot right past Ma and Bob. Ma screamed. Martha was sure they were lost. But she still held on to Billy, but his head kept on bobbing under. Then she hit something. Something hard that sent pain shooting up her arm. It was Laura's wagon. Martha grabbed it. Then she pulled Billy up close, where she could keep his head above water. He coughed, and spit more muddy water. â€Å"Grab the wagon!† She yelled. He clawed at the side of the wagon and found a pot hook to hang on to. Martha was afraid to let him go. But her arm was hurting so, she didn't know how long she could hold on. Suddenly Laura was there with her arms around both Billy and Martha. She had them penned against the wagon. â€Å"Hang on!† she cried. â€Å"You all right, Billy?† He spit more water and mumbled, â€Å"I'm fine.† â€Å"You don't look too bad for someone who's just drunk half a river,† said Lauren. â€Å"How about you, Martha?† Martha was scared to death, and her arm was hurting something fierce. Laura clung to the wagon with them until they were across the river. Everyone cheered as they staggered up the muddy riverbank to safety. The three of them flopped on the ground and sat there, completely worn out. â€Å"Oregon's on the other side,† announced Captain Jonah. â€Å"We've got a hard ride up, but an easy ride down. Let's start climbing!† They all still had to walk. And when the trail got steeper, they had to help push the heavy wagons. But the coolness in the mountains felt good. The rocky trail was hard on wheels. Every day a wagon would have to pull out of line to fix a broken wheel. Martha still took care of their wheels. Even though her arm was hurt, she wouldn't let Billy take over. She was superstitious about them. When the last one was checked, she'd pat it and say, â€Å"Lucky wheels! You'll get us there!† Well, the luck played out before they reached the crest of the mountains. The whole family plus Laura's was pushing there wagon up a steep part of the trail. Crack! There left front wheel hit a big rock. â€Å"Knocked the iron rim completely off!† cried Pa. â€Å"We'll have to drop out of line and fix it.† â€Å"How long will it take?† Martha asked Pa. â€Å"Maybe half a day,† he answered. Captain Jonah rode up. â€Å"Tough luck,† he said. â€Å"We're less than a day away from the crest. Then it's easy going. Tell you what we'll do. I'll camp an hour early tonight and start out an hour later tomorrow. That'll give you time to catch up.† Pa thanked the captain. Then he rode off and left them to tend the broken wheel. Martha was scared seeing all the wagons go, and being left behind. By the time Pa fixed the wheel, it was dark. â€Å"Hurry! We've got miles to make up,† he said. And he pushed the oxen as fast as he dared. â€Å"Pray for a bright moon,† said Pa. â€Å"Driving by night is the only way we're going to catch up.† But low hanging clouds blocked out the moon and the stars. It started to rain. â€Å"We'll have to stop,† said Pa. â€Å"It's foolhardy to go on.† â€Å"Might as well try to get some sleep,† Ma said. Martha then realized it stopped raining. A bright patch of moonlight cut through the back of the wagon. â€Å"The moons out! It's so bright you can see everything! Pa! Pa! Martha called. Wake up! The rain's stopped. We can get moving!† Pa jumped up â€Å"By golly, our luck's changed. We'll catch up now!† he cried. Day was breaking when we saw the wagon train camp on the crest of the mountains. When we pulled into camp, Lauren ran to meet their wagon. â€Å"I knew you'd make it!† she shouted. I've got breakfast ready. As they had breakfast the sun suddenly popped out, round and red and beautiful. Captain Jonah's big voice boomed, â€Å"Look, folks. There it is. That's Oregon down there!† From there high perch you could see miles of wild, beautiful valleys stretching before them. For a moment no one said anything. Then Martha let out a yell and turned a cartwheel. Pa put his arm around Ma. â€Å"Now, this looks like our Journey to the New World.†

Nature’s Role in Frankenstein

The writers of the Romantic period portrayed nature as a celestial source. In many Romantic works, nature's beauty is praised with pantheistic, almost pagan, terms. To these writers, the natural world was a direct connection to god. Through appreciation for nature, one could achieve spiritual fulfillment. The contrary, failure to surrender to natural law, results in punishment at the hands of nature. Mary Shelley, as well as her contemporary, Samuel Coleridge, depicts the antagonistic powers of nature against those who dare to provoke it.Victor Frankenstein offends nature in several ways. The first and foremost insult is his attempt to gain knowledge forbidden to humanity. Then, he uses this knowledge to create an unnatural being that serves no purpose in a natural world. Finally, Frankenstein refuses to take responsibility for his creation's actions, which have obvious and dangerous consequences for society. By daring to tread on the laws of nature, Frankenstein becomes the target o f the natural world's wrath. He, much like the Ancient Mariner, suffers due punishment for his sin.In both â€Å"Rime of the Ancient Mariner† and â€Å"Frankenstein,† nature is portrayed as a divine power. It is a deific force, capable of creating transcendental beauty, as well as inflicting horrific torment upon those who violate its laws. The Ancient Mariner's crime is his senseless murder of the albatross; his punishment presents itself through a series of natural phenomenon. Nature deprives him and his men of natural elements, food and water, â€Å"Water, water, every where, Nor any drop to drink. † (Coleridge 433). Nature also uses other natural elements to cause him further suffering.For instance, the Mariner and his men must endure the heat of the sun as their ship halts, the wind stops and intensifies the heat, â€Å"Down dropt the breeze, the sails dropt down†¦ â€Å"â€Å"All in a hot and copper sky, The bloody sun at noon. † (Coleridge 4 33). Frankenstein also faces retribution for his disobedience to the laws of nature. His punishment, however, is not as simple as the Mariner's. Nature bestows a far more cruel and spiteful fate upon Frankenstein. It uses Frankenstein's creature against him, adopting his former object of pride and manipulating the creation into a weapon against its creator.Abandoned by its â€Å"father†, Frankenstein's monster is forced to seek another parental figure. It finds one in Mother Nature. As the creature embarks on a lonesome journey, nature teaches him the lessons that Frankenstein does not. The creature learns of the dangers of fire by burning its hand in the flame â€Å"One day, when I was oppressed by cold, I found a fire which had been left by some wandering beggars, and was overcome with delight at the warmth I experienced from it. In my joy I thrust my hand into the live embers, but quickly drew it out again with a cry of pain.How strange, I thought, that the same cause sho uld produce such opposite effects! † (Shelley 389). In other such lessons, Nature shapes its â€Å"child† as a tool of revenge. For instance, the creature learns of it's hideousness by seeing it's reflection in a pool of water, † At first I started back, unable to believe that it was indeed I who was reflected in the mirror; and when I became fully convinced that I was in reality the monster that I am, I was filled with the bitterest sensations of despondence and mortification. Alas!I did not yet entirely know the fatal effects of this miserable deformity† (Shelley 431). This realization evokes anger within the monster, and its resentment towards its creator grows. Nature uses Frankenstein's hubristic disposition against him. When creating the monster, Victor Frankenstein gives it a gigantic stature. He states that he did this due to his haste, â€Å"As the minuteness of the parts formed a great hindrance to my speed, I resolved, contrary to my first intent ion, to make a being gigantic in stature†¦ † (Shelley 171).However, Frankenstein's ambition also played a role in his decision to make the creature a physically intimidating size, â€Å"A new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me† (Shelley 172). Here, Frankenstein states his desire to become the father of a supreme race of beings. By giving the creature an enormous form, Frankenstein is assuring that it will be dominant over other species. This is not only a threat to nature, but it also adds to the creature's unnatural genesis.The monster is abnormally powerful, as it possesses abilities far surpassing to any other species on Earth. Therefore, it is something unnatural and cannot be apart of the natural world. Nature, instead of removing the monster straight away, uses its physical superiority to taunt Frankenstein's pride. As the scientist begins his all-consuming quest to seize and kill the monster, he is constantly mocked by his own creation's power. Even at the end of his life, Frankenstein is still unable to capture the monster. The unnatural being has no true place or purpose in he natural world, so Nature uses the creature in the only suitable way: a tool for revenge. This becomes the monster's only role in the natural world. Once it has finally inflicted true punishment against Frankenstein, it will have no purpose. The monster does not belong in the natural world, and so it will be destroyed, â€Å"I, the miserable and the abandoned, am abortion, to be spurned at, and kicked, and trampled on† (Shelley 886). Revenge is its only objective, when nature finally achieves this intention it returns the monster back to nature.The creature's birth was allied by the use of natural materials, human flesh and lightning, similarly its death is caused by Nature's elements, fire, â€Å"I shall collect my funeral pile, and consume to ashes this miserable frame, that it s remains may afford no light to any curious and unhallowed wretch, who would create such another as I have been. I shall die. † (Shelley 889). The creature is of no use to Mother Nature any longer, and so it must remove itself from the natural world. â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner† and â€Å"Frankenstein† describes the horrors that result from invoking nature's rage.The natural world, according to the Romantics, was a divine force. Like the pagan gods of Greek and Roman culture, nature's wrath is terrible and unmerciful to those who dare to wrong it. Victor Frankenstein, the Promethean figure of the Romantic period, defies nature in his decision to bring unnatural life into the natural world. This is an act of blasphemy against nature, and to an extent, â€Å"God† himself. Frankenstein's punishment for this sin is both thorough and justified. Like Prometheus, Victor Frankenstein spends his remaining life paying for his act of defiance against the g ods of nature.

Aestheticism in The Picture of Dorian Gray Essay - 2257 Words

Aestheticism was a popular dogma in the late 1800s that centered on the belief that art should exist for beauty alone. This doctrine is defined as an â€Å"exaggerated devotion to art, music, or poetry, with indifference to practical matters† and â€Å"the acceptance of artistic beauty and taste as a fundamental standard, ethical and other standards being secondary† (â€Å"Aestheticism,† def. 1 and 2). In Oscar Wilde’s sole novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, aestheticism is a fashionable belief accepted by society at the time. Oscar Wilde uses the moral deterioration and ultimate destruction of Dorian Gray in The Picture of Dorian Gray to emphasize the negative effects of society’s preoccupation with aesthetics and offer a moral for the reader. In†¦show more content†¦His devotion is based solely upon her skilled acting, but Wilde makes it clear that Dorian truly adores her: She is all the great heroines of the world in one. She is more than an individual. You laugh, but I tell you she has genius. I love her, and I must make her love me†¦.I want to make Romeo jealous. I want the dead lovers of the world to hear our laughter, and grow sad. I want a breath of our passion to stir their dust into consciousness, to wake their ashes into pain. My God, Harry, how I worship her! (Wilde 54) However, Dorian’s love soon turns to hatred when he sees Sibyl perform again. Sibyl, having never experienced love, is struck by her new feelings and loses her passion and talent for acting because the play, Romeo and Juliet, no longer appears to her like true love, the love she feels for Dorian. Her performance is stiff and unfeeling and Dorian looks like a fool in front of his friends, to whom he boasted about her talent. Dorian is embarrassed and angry and reacts by disavowing his love for Sibyl. His sudden loss of affection offsets his previous vows of devotion and shocks the reader. Insulting and bitter, Dorian rebukes his former sweetheart: I loved you†¦because you realized the dreams of great poets and gave shape and substance to the shadows of art. You have thrown it all away. You are shallow and stupid. My God! how mad IShow MoreRelatedThe Picture Of Dorian Gray Aestheticism Analysis1585 Words   |  7 Pagesclaim made by Oscar Wilde in the preface to his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray (3). Along with the rest of Wilde’s preface, this sentence rebukes literary realism in favor of aestheticism. This is unsurprising to anyone who is familiar with the playwright’s other plays and lectures; Wilde was an avid opponent of realism and a firm believer in the concept of â€Å"art for art’s sake.† Critic Elizabeth Prettejohn claims that aestheticism includes a focus on the visual elements of a piece of art. OscarRead MoreExamples Of Aestheticism In The Picture Of Dorian Gray1284 Words   |  6 Pagesto the Aesthetic movement. He was a spokesperson for aestheticism. He tried his hand at various literary activities. He was an Irish playwright, novelist, essayist and poet. He refined his ideas about the importance of art in a series of dialogues and essays, and incorporated themes of duplicity, beauty and decadence. He incorporated all these vital characteristics that define the supremacy of art into his only novel The Picture of Dorian gray written in 1890. This novel bore the true essence ofRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray Aestheticism Analysis935 Words   |  4 PagesThe notion that art can exist for the sake of its beauty alone is the essence of aestheticism, a nineteenth-century arts movement that had a significant impact on the writings of Oscar Wilde; in particular, his enrapturing novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, is an insightful narration that expresses many of the central elements of this aesthetic philosophy. Centered on the life of an attractive young man named Dorian Gray, the novel details how through the influence of others, he becomes morall y depravedRead MoreThe Picture of Dorian Gray: Corruption Through Aestheticism1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Picture of Dorian Gray: Corruption Through Aestheticism The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde is the story of moral corruption by the means of aestheticism. In the novel, the well meaning artist Basil Hallward presets young Dorian Gray with a portrait of himself. After conversing with cynical Lord Henry Wotton, Dorian makes a wish which dreadfully affects his life forever. If it were I who was to be always young, and the picture that was to grow old! For that I would give everythingRead MoreAestheticism In Oscar Wildes The Picture Of Dorian Gray1532 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Aestheticism, which found its footing in Europe in the early nineteenth century, proposed that art ‘need not serve moral, political, or otherwise didactic ends.’ Irish poet and playwright Oscar Wilde was a dramatic leader in promoting the movement near the end of the nineteenth century. The English essayist Walter Pater, an advocate of art for arts sake, helped to form society’s aesthetics in which they was more concerned with the self, than with popular movements like IndustrialismRead MoreAbstract Aestheticism in Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray2148 Words   |  9 Pagesexpression, but also one of social advancement. With this idea at its forefront, art suddenly inundated places where art was never previously found, such as social education and morality. In contrast, Oscar Wilde was a key advocate of an idea known aestheticism, a concept that relied on art simply being art. Oscar Wilde played a major role in Victorian England, having a major influence t hrough his writing. At its peak the movement had a disdain for any traditional, natural, political, or moral ideals;Read MoreThe Picture of Dorian Grey, by Oscar Wilde771 Words   |  4 Pagespeople; and is filled with hardships and trouble over â€Å"doing the right thing†. One quality cannot be held without losing the other, due to their conflicting natures. While the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray brings out the central question â€Å"Is it better to pursue Aesthetics or Morality?† it describes the life of Dorian Gray, who constantly sought to maintain his appearance at the cost of his morals, and answers the question by revealing the consequences of living Mr. Gray’s â€Å"beautiful† lifestyle. InRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray Character Analysis830 Words   |  4 Pagesand the way the characters themselves interact with both their own thoughts and the world around them. In the works chosen, the appearances of the characters to be analyzed fall on opposite ends of the spectrum of aestheticism. Dorian Gray, from Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray possesses an â€Å"...extraordinary personal beauty (Wilde 1),† one that controls other character’s reception of him, as well as affecting his own inner thoughts, for he knows that he seen as beautiful. On the oppositeRead MoreThe Picture of Dorian Gray 1823 Words   |  8 PagesAestheticism is a philosophy in which its followers practice complete self-indulgence. Aesthetic principles teach that the arts, beauty, and youth are absolute over anything else. People who follow this philosophy are very egotistical, and are extremely concerned with appearances. It is often associated with jewelry, painting , music, and perfumes. (insert quote to prove) All followers of Aestheticism put activities pertaining to beauty above anything else. Their priorities hold beauty above attributesRead MoreMacbeth and Picture of Dorian Gray Essay1821 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The Picture of Dorian Gray – Victorian Era Gray swaps his soul for the painting through an indirect Faustian Bargain. Quote: Yes, there is nothing in the whole world I would not give! I would give my soul for that! Social Values/Context: Aestheticism was exposed to Dorian Gray by Lord Henry who was an aesthetic himself, which ultimately leads to the Faustian Bargain. Quote: Oh, she is better than good – she is beautiful, murmured Lord Henry, sipping a glass of vermouth and orange-bitters

Odysseus A Hero Essay - 1333 Words

Odysseus: A Hero Heroism was not an invention of the Greeks. Yet, through the first hundreds years of their civilization, the Greek literature has already given birth to highly polished and complex long epics that revolved around heroes. These literature works gave many possibilities of definition of heroism. The Greeks illustrated heroism to obey the rules laid down by the gods and goddesses, and those who obey the rules would gain honor and fame. The Greeks regarded intelligence as one of the highest gifts that all heroes must posses. The Greeks required that all heroes must have courage. Odysseus, one of the heroes of the epic Odyssey standout. He was constantly expected to be a true hero, always obey the rules laid down†¦show more content†¦Odysseus posses intelligence as expected in the Greeks tradition of heroes. Odysseus displayed intelligence when he went to the goddess Circe to rescue his men who were turned into swine by the goddess Circe. The goddess spoke to him, Put up your weapon in the sheath. We two shall mingle and make love upon our bed. So mutual trust may come of play and love. He was asked to go to bed with a beautiful goddess, and yet he responded, Circe, am I a boy, that you should make me soft and doting now? Here in this house you turned my men to swine; now it is I myself you hold, enticing into your chamber; to your dangerous bed, to take my manhood when you have me stripped. I mount no bed of loved with you upon it. Or swear to me first a great oath, if I do, you will work no more en chantment to my harm. She swore at once, outright, as I demanded, and after she had sworn, and bound herself, I entered Circes flawless bed of love. Odysseus was asked by the goddess Circe to make love with her in order to build trust between her and Odysseus. However, Odysseus realized that the goddess wanted to go to bed with him, not to build trust, and as a result, Odysseus used his cunning to ask Circe to make a deal in which Circe had to swear toShow MoreRelatedThe Hero Of Odysseus900 Words   |  4 PagesRogers Some people think of a hero as someone with courage, determination, or someone that have risked their lives for others. Others think of a hero as someone who has outstanding strength and is clever. A hero, not only has physical strength, but also has mental strength as well. Odysseus, ruler of Ithaca, proves he is a hero by having all of these traits. Odysseus fights through hard times and overcomes obstacles, he kept his men together for most of the story, and he avenges himself whenRead MoreOdysseus Is A Hero?950 Words   |  4 Pagesmost people, Odysseus is believed as a hero. A hero is a person who is admired or idealized for courage, achievements, and noble qualities. In one of Homer’s classic epics, The Odyssey, Odysseus is admired by many people as a man who has intelligence, nobility, and confidence. However, women who both loved and knew Odysseus than anyone, thought of him differently and knew him in depth. Through The Meadowlands and The Penelopiad, Circe and Pene lope showed their strong opinions of this â€Å"hero† through theirRead MoreOdysseus Is A Hero?1143 Words   |  5 PagesHomer, The character Odysseus is one of the greek heros in this book. He is known as a great hero, because he manages to get through all of these dangerous mission such as : First odysseus makes it alive after travelling for ten years and facing different and more difficult challenges. Odyssey faces dangerous creatures and people. Homer have odysseus pass all theses task and missions to name him one of the great greek gods that ever lived . Some may say Odysseus is not a hero but why would HomerRead MoreOdysseus A Hero730 Words   |  3 PagesIs Odysseus a Hero? Heroes are often thought of as great figures that conquer evil, kill the monster, and save the day. Odysseus is often referred to as a hero. He is a strong individual striving to complete his goal, return to his wife and son and remove suitors that have taken his home. Although he is seen as a hero by definition and he appears to be one as well there are decisions he made that may not be truly heroic. In The Odyssey by Homer, Odysseus decisions to value his crews life, andRead MoreIs Odysseus Not Hero?1706 Words   |  7 Pageshearts. Many people argue that Odysseus is not hero but considering the things he does through his journey his characteristics began to show a little of his heroic side. In The Wanderings of Odysseus from the Odyssey a epic poem by Homer, Odysseus is on his way back to Ithaca his home island after winning the ten year old Trojan War to come see his wife, Penelope and his son, Telemachus. The journey to home takes a very unexpected turn for Odysseus and his m en. Odysseus is challenged with many obstaclesRead MoreOdysseus Is Not A Hero1965 Words   |  8 PagesMerriam-Webster defines a hero as, â€Å"A person who is admired for great or brave acts or fine qualities.† For Odysseus to be a hero this definition is supposed to fit and describe him and his character, but why does this definition not describe or fit him and his character? This is because Odysseus is not a hero. Odysseus has done unethical things on his journey that makes him a person that should go unadmired. For example, when Odysseus ignored the death of his man in order to make more progress onRead MoreLoachus : A Hero : Odysseus As A Hero737 Words   |  3 PagesOdysseus is a Hero There are countless ways to describe a hero. A hero is someone who fights for what they believe in. They fight with their men and are determined to come back home. In the Odyssey, Odysseus is a hero because he is a leader, very determined, and is extremely skillful. Odysseus was a leader in various ways. He led his men through the Trojan War and many difficult challenges that faced them. Sometimes he didnt want so many men walking in on something unexpected, so he only took aRead MoreOdysseus: the Anti-Hero1534 Words   |  7 PagesOdysseus: The Anti-Hero Throughout Homer’s epic The Odyssey, Odysseus is a hero. In all myths and legends, a hero combats the â€Å"monsters.† In the typical story a hero is unselfish and fights to protect his people while the monsters are greedy powerful things that antagonize the people. Yet despite this typical storyline, if we read closely, we may conclude that Odysseus is actually the oppressive hero in many of these situations – provoking the â€Å"monsters† into fighting. The â€Å"monsters† in the OdysseyRead MoreOdysseus As A Great Hero869 Words   |  4 PagesTen years after the fall of Troy, Odysseus a great hero has yet to return to his home in Ithaca. It begins with Athena and Poseidon who helped the Greeks during the Trojan War. Athena turned against the Greeks and convinces Poseidon to do the same. The Greeks are hit by storms on the way home and many ships are destroyed and the fleet is scattered. The war and his distress at sea keep Odysseus away from Ithaca for twenty years. While Odyesseus was gone his son Telemachus has grown into a man andRead MoreOdysseus Hero Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesA hero is one who sets a goal in which takes bravery and dedication in order to achieve. The book The Odyssey written by Homer reveals a story of a true hero. The main character is a man named Odysseus who displays hero characteristics throughout the book. Odysseus is a hero because he returns home with a changed perspective which reflects his heroic abilities, such as his bravery and dedication to return home. During the beginning of the story Odysseus has to make an impactful decision while also

Human Trafficking - 2466 Words

Combating Human Trafficking Over the past several years, human trafficking has become a sizable world-wide problem. Human Trafficking has had a considerable affect on the World and United States. To combat this, several laws and initiatives have been enacted. While this allows for some headway in combating this problem, there are still several things that we can do to help. This review of literature on Human Trafficking focuses on these areas and provides the information on the steps that can help combat this epidemic. Human trafficking, also known as trafficking in persons is slavery. The United Nations defines human trafficking as The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat†¦show more content†¦Men, women, and children are held in debt bondage and face involuntary servitude working in brick kilns, rice mills, agriculture, and embroidery factories. India is also a destination for women and girls from Nepal and Bangladesh trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation. Bangladeshi women reportedly are trafficked through India for sexual exploitation in Pakistan. Although Indians migrate willingly to the Gulf for work as domestic servants and low-skilled laborers, some later find themselves in situations of involuntary servitude, including extended working hours, non-payment of wages, restrictions on movement by withholding of passports or confinement to the workplace, and physical or sexual abuse. Bangladeshi and Nepali men and women are trafficked through India for involuntary servitude in the Middle East. Figure 1. Photo by Kay Chernush for the U.S. State Department. Shown above, a 9-year-old girl toils under the hot sun, making bricks from morning to night, seven days a week. She was trafficked with her entire family from Bihar, one of the poorest and most underdeveloped states in India, and sold to the owner of a brick-making factory. She has no means of escape, and is unable to speak the local language; the family is isolated and lives in terrible conditions. (Human Trafficking Website, 2007) • Thailand (Tier 2) Thailand is a source, transit, andShow MoreRelatedThe Trafficking Of Human Trafficking1061 Words   |  5 Pagesare approximately twenty to thirty million slaves in the world today. Unfortunately due to trafficking being a fast growing crime it is very difficult to identify and locate these organizations and victims. Although there are many groups created to support victims, not enough awareness is being made and not enough action is being applied to stop human trafficking. Sex trafficking is a form of human trafficking that has been a worldwide issue since ancient times, but regularly forgotten, due to it beingRead MoreThe Trafficking Of Human Trafficking886 Words   |  4 Pages(Attention catcher)What if somebody came into your life and guaranteed a better lifestyle, but instead you were enslaved into human trafficking? Human trafficking is when a person is abducted from their current situation and mostly likely used for sex slavery. Furthermore, did you know human trafficking increased over the years? (Listener relevance) Although you may not be as aware in your comfortable surroundings, you should always be aware of suspicious vehicles and people. Even though we enjoyRead MoreThe Trafficking Of Human Trafficking930 Words   |  4 Pagesman. Regardless of the reasons, there are nearly 30 million victims of human trafficking globally. There are more slaves now than ever before. Trafficking of persons is not a subject that should be ignored or tak en lightly. In order to fully understand the enormity of this crisis, we will examine the root causes, facts, and the impact of human trafficking throughout the world. There are several factors to why human trafficking exists: poverty, governmental instability, natural disasters, addictionRead MoreThe Trafficking Of Human Trafficking3494 Words   |  14 Pagesended, never to return, they go back and sneak into our communities in severe forms by human trafficking crimes. When humanity eliminated the phenomenon of human slavery, it returned in different pictures and forms, combining them enslaving people, through the recruitment, transportation, transfer of people by force and threat, and using and exploiting them in different ways. Among the victims of human trafficking crimes, there are those who are subjected to sexual exploitation, labor exploitationRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The Trafficking901 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Smuggling and trafficking continues to be a worldwide plague that has been, thus far been largely ignored by the international community. The paramount reason human trafficking and smuggling has festered and grown roots and spread globally. It started as a grassroots effort on the local level where women and girls (it affects boys as well) would be used and sold for sex. Eventually, greed and corruption tagged along for the ride and at that point the crimes became an organized enterprise. AtRead MoreThe Human Of Human Trafficking Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pagesin 1865, the practice of it is still very alive today. Human trafficking, a form of modern slavery, is the buying and selling of people, whether it s for forced labor or commercial sex. Every year, thousands of adults and childre n, especially girls, are forced into the endless trafficking ring. â€Å"The International Labour Organization estimates that there are 20.9 million victims of human trafficking globally† (â€Å"The Facts†). The human trafficking industry is a worldwide network that is worth an estimatedRead MoreThe Trafficking Of Human Trafficking Essay1752 Words   |  8 PagesIn this essay, the history of human trafficking will be examined, followed by who is affected by trafficking. Next the scope and types of exploitation will be discussed. Human trafficking is an issue that affects countries all over the world. Governments have made an effort to curb trafficking, however these efforts have been very narrowly focused. American ignorance has led to poor handling of the issues by policy makers. Finally the essay will discuss a proposed solution and set some goals forRead MoreHuman Trafficking1355 Words   |  6 PagesRigdon November 16, 2014 Human Trafficking and its Dire Effects. Human Trafficking in the United States is something not a lot of people discuss. Most think it is only something that happens in third world countries, but in fact could be happening in their hometown. According to Protocol to Prevent, Subdue and Punish Trafficking in Persons, human trafficking in the modern world entails transfer of persons by use of applied force. Other methods used to enforce the trafficking include use of deceptionRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Human Sex Trafficking1850 Words   |  8 Pagesof human sex trafficking come to one s mind. The United States of America is not immune to this type of horrific behavior. America is the land of the free and yet something as awful as human sex trafficking occurs in our very own backyard each and everyday. According to the Department of Homeland Security the definition of human trafficking is â€Å"modern day slavery that involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act† (â€Å"What Is Human Trafficking?†)Read MoreSex Trafficking And Human Trafficking Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pages Human trafficking brings in billions of dollars into the U.S and all around the world. â€Å"The prime motive for such outrageous abuse is simple: money. In this $12 billion global business just one woman trafficked into the industrialized world can net her captors an average $67,000 a year† (Baird 2007). The laws around human trafficking are not strict and vary depending on what country it is happening in. Human trafficking is not something that is strictly foreign, it

What Makes Advertising Effective

Question: Discuss about globalization and advertisements, social media and advertisements and culture and advertisements. Answer: Introduction There was a time when marketing and advertisement were considered as a secondary functions for the organizations. That was the time when competition was limited in the market and organizations used to operate in the local market. That was the time of Pull Marketing, when organizations were really in a state to push consumers. However, with the spread of technology and Internet, there has been a fundamental change in the marketing function. Today, organizations want to target the customers in the global market and this is the major driver of advertisements. For organizations, advertisement is not more a reactive function. In fact, a direct correlation could be observed between the effectiveness of marketing and target customers (Cleave, 2012). With the realization of importance of effective advertisements, the organizations and the marketers want to focus on effective advertisements. There are various forms of advertisements like TV advertisements, print media advertisements and social media advertisements. The advertisements in these medium may not be same as the target audience differ across these mediums. At a high level, it can be said that an effective advertisement is one that could attract the targeted audience and that has the potential to hit the emotions and sentiments of consumers (Manning, 2011). The objective of this paper is to discuss the key tenets of effective advertisements. The concept of advertisements would be discussed with respect to multiple perspectives like impact of culture, impact of globalization and the impact of social media. However, the focus of this paper would be to study and analyze the impact of culture of effectiveness of advertisements. Analysis Every advertisement should be considered as message. In fact, every advertisement convey a message. An effective advertisement is one where message is simple to understand. Typically, there are two sides of any advertisement, a creative side and a content side. The creative side focuses on the innovation and creative ideas to reach out to customers. The creativity in the advertisements would help the marketer to play with the first impression of the consumers (Neelamalar, 2011). It is possible that the consumers would be trapped in the creative side of the advertisement and would take a decision to buy the product or the service. However, the customers who are trapped only by the creative side of the advertisement may not be the lasting or regular customers. The other side of the advertisement is the content side. It is important that any advertisement should have an effective content. The content of the advertisement should have the capability to meet the needs of customers. There i s an important concept of marketing that states that, needs cannot be created. The organizations and the marketers cannot create the need for individuals but with effective advertisements they can realize the needs to consumers. An effective advertisement is one that can help individuals to realize their needs (Wymer, 2012). The content of an effective advertisements is based on the targeted segment. The content would not be same for multiple segments and the user behavior, attitude and perception of people in different segment differs. Globalization and advertisements In this era of globalization, organizations have expanded in different parts of the world. The organizations like Coca-Cola, Walmart, and Google are true global organizations. The marketers in these organizations have to focus on the advertisements in the international market. It would be correct to say that globalization and internationalization have had a deep impact on advertisements. It is important that business owners understand the basics of writing a good advertisement in an international market (Collins, 2010). The globalization has emerged as a major driver that has focused the marketers to focus on international marketing campaign and in turn the success of international marketing campaign would depend on the effectiveness of the global advertisements. With the focus on global advertisements, the organizations are compelled to create advertisements that are more focus on the product or the services rather than the audience. For example, BMW would have a global advertisement that would project all the unique features of the car but it (the advertisement) would not describe the customers and customers sentiments as it differs in different parts of the world (Kennewick, 2010). Therefore, it can be said that an effective advertisement in global world is one that is focused on product features and can create an appeal in the mind of global audience. Social media and advertisements In the current business environment, organizations have realized that social media is the powerful way to reach out to customers. In fact, the social media channels like Facebook and Twitter are the most efficient way to reach out to customers. There are certain fundamental elements that would determine the effectiveness of advertisements on social media. The first factor is the clarity of the content. It is not easy to read on the mobile devices and laptops as compared to newspapers and magazines (Baccarella, 2011). Therefore, the content of social media advertisements should simple. In fact, the advertisement on social media should have less text and more images. The images and the graphics would be a good way to attract the social media users. The second factor is the diverse and varied audience on social media. It is important to mention that people from various backgrounds are part of social media networks. Therefore, the marketers should not create any advertisement that is sensitive to any particular group. For example, the advertisement of cosmetics product like fair skin may not appeal to black people and they might feel offensive about these advertisements (Koningstein, 2010). Therefore, the marketers have to be careful to determine the content of the advertisement on social media. The third factor is the responsiveness or the frequency of the advertisements. It is important that social media advertisements should keep customers engage. It can happen when marketers places the advertisement at a good frequency. Culture and advertisements It would be correct to say that culture has a much deeper impact on the advertisements. The multinational organizations that operate in global world has to focus on the diverse culture before launching any international marketing campaign. An effective organization is one that understand the culture of the targeted audience. This is one of the reasons that the advertisements for same products and services could vary across regions. For example, Samsung is a global brand for smart phones; however, it does not have the same set of advertisements for China market and American market (Nonnemaker, 2011). This difference in the advertisements could be explained from cultural perspective. The culture of America is different that the culture of China and likewise the customer sentiments and behavior also differs. The consumers in American market want the best quality product and they are willing to pay a premium price for the same. On the other hand, Chinese people are cost savvy. They would want to buy a smart phone that can provide them value for money. Therefore, the advertisements in America projects the features of the smart phone and the premium aspect of the smart phones. Whereas, the advertisements in the China projects the value for money attributes. An effective advertisement is one that is based on the sentiments of the people within the culture. From cultural perspective, it can be said that every advertisement tells a story. The advertisement should convey the STP (Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning) and 4Ps of marketing (Jepson, 2012). It means that every advertisement should be based on a particular segment within a culture. By watching the advertisement, the STP and 4Ps should be clear to observer. There could be cases when the marketer would expose all the 4Ps of the marketing in the advertisement and there could be cases when the marketer would expose only one or two Ps of marketing (Andrade, 2013). The project of 4Ps of marketing in the advertisement would depend on the region of the culture. It would also depend on the position of the product in the product lifecycle. In closed cultures like China and India, the marketers would want to expose all the 4Ps of marketing. It would help the organization to target the c ustomers with a bang. However, in the open culture like Australia, marketers may want to focus on different Ps of marketing individually (Eves, 2012). For example, a BMW advertisement would focus only on the product quality and does not talk about the price, place or promotion. It is important that the organizations and the marketers should control the content of the advertisement based on the culture. For example, it would be offensive to show the advertisements of lingerie in Middle East and Middle East is a closed culture. The women are not allowed to flaunt their skin in Middle Eastern culture. Therefore, the advertisement of lingerie should not show the women wearing the lingerie. It appears to be a strange thing but it is important that marketers should be willing and ready to modify the content with the change in the culture. There would be many cases when the marketers would use images and graphics in the print advertisements. It is important that the images should be based on the cultural aspects. The images and the pictures should not be offensive to any section of the society. There are cases when marketers would use flow chart to demonstrate activities (Kelley, 2013). The culture can have a deep impact on the written list of activities. For example, the advertisement of a washing powder would show the three steps or activities as dirty clothes, washing and clean clothes. In Middle East, the written things are perceived from right to left rather than the global standard of left to right. Therefore, the advertisement of dirty clothes, washing and clean clothes would be perceived as clean clothes, washing and dirty clothes. All these are small things with a big impact. Therefore, it is important that the marketers should have a full understanding of the culture before launching any advertisement in a re gion and this is precisely the reason that the advertisements are not re-used across different regions and geographies. Conclusion It is important that each advertisement must make a proposition to the consumer-not just words, product puffery, or show-window advertising. Each advertisement must say to each reader: Buy this product, for this specific benefit. The above paper discussed the impact of culture, globalization and social media on advertisements. With the above discussion it can be said that the advertising industry is a dynamic industry and it is expected that changes would continue to take place in this industry. The culture has a deep impact on the advertisements. The effectiveness of the advertisement could vary a lot across culture. It is important that an advertisement that is effective in one culture is highly ineffective in another culture. Therefore, it is recommended that management and marketers should develop and position the advertisement based on the culture and background of the targeted audience. Another attribute of effective advertisement is that it has a catchy headline. People scan t hings quickly. They come into contact with so many advertisements each day that they cant possibly read each one. This is why marketers have to make sure that your advertisement actually grabs and keeps their attention. References Alden, D. L., Kelley, J. B., Riefler, P., Lee, J. A., Soutar, G. N. (2013). The Effect of Global Company Animosity on Global Brand Attitudes in Emerging and Developed Markets: Does Perceived Value Matter?.Journal of International Marketing,21(2), 17-38. Carmichael, D., Cleave, D. (2012, December). How effective is social media advertising? A study of Facebook Social Advertisements. InInternet Technology And Secured Transactions, 2012 International Conference for(pp. 226-229). IEEE. Collins, R. J. (2010).U.S. Patent No. 7,685,019. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Gerhard, D., Brem, A., Baccarella, C., Voigt, K. I. (2011). Innovation management and marketing in the high-tech sector: A content analysis of advertisements.international Journal of Management,28(1 Part 2). Farrelly, M. C., Davis, K. C., Nonnemaker, J. M., Kamyab, K., Jackson, C. (2011). Promoting calls to a quitline: quantifying the influence of message theme, strong negative emotions and graphic images in television advertisements. Tobacco Control, 20(4), 279-284. Freeman, T., Kennewick, M. (2010).U.S. Patent No. 7,818,176. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Harik, G. R., Kamangar, S. A., Manning, J., Page, L. E., Veach, E. (2011).U.S. Patent Application No. 13/174,340. Jothi, P. S., Neelamalar, M., Prasad, R. S. (2011). 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The concept of holism Essay Example

The concept of holism Paper In this essay I intend to look at the concept of holism, why it is important, how it is supported in legislation and codes of practice and the possible benefits to the nurse patient relationship. Due to the word limit the focus is going to be centred around the positive aspects of the approach as apposed to negative critique. In order to explore the importance of considering the patient holistically, it is imperative that we understand what the word/concept holistic means. Weller (2004, p44) describes holism as a comprehensive approach to health care that encompasses and considers the body, mind and spirit considering all actions and interventions for the patient, while recognising the concept of uniqueness, individualism and the influence of internal and external environmental factors on health. This can be condensed to suggesting that we should consider the person as a whole in relation to their individual needs. Dryden (1995, p. 77) cites that Fitz Perls (1951), based his gestalt approach to psychotherapy on premise that we should take an holistic view in relating to a person in order to help a person grow and ascertain a sense of wholeness. Stevenson, Grieves Stein-Parbom (2004, p16) suggests that holism is knowing more about a person rather than deciding on a clinical pathway. It could be argued that the holistic approach is a humanistic approach focussing on growth and individualism/wholeness. We will write a custom essay sample on The concept of holism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The concept of holism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The concept of holism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The NMC recognises the importance of wholeness and holistic care by specifying in the 2008 code of conduct that we should treat people as individuals and respect their dignity. From this statement alone it is possible to see that holistic care requires a positive regard and requires all practitioners to consider all dimensions of a person. Brown and Libberton (2007, p. 99) suggests that an whole person comprises of three dimensions; including physical spiritual and social. We know that these theories and concepts are important as we have seen the merge of the bio-medial, reductionist, model with the psychosocial model to provide a more comprehensive approach to health care and addressing health needs. The holistic approach can support a nurse to provide better care for a patient by understanding a patients, lifestyle, background, social class, culture, religious/spiritual values and social support and use this information to support recovery and sustained health. This level of engagement will allow the nurse to develop a trust relationship with the patient, allowing a therapeutic relationship to take place. Sherwood (1997, p. 40) suggests that therapeutic relationships have an impact on healing patterns that make patients feel better. Sussex and Scourfield (2004, p. 306) suggests that not only to people have needs they have ideas about their needs and these cover many areas of their lives. Therefore the therapeutic relationship will encourage the patient to be involved with their own care, recovery and can empower them to self advocate with involvement. The white paper, valuing people 2001 suggests that as health care providers we should promote choice, independence, rights and inclusion for people with learning disabilities and the underpinning ethos is person centred and holistic care. In 1998 the Department of Health introduced the standard two: person centred care guidance directing the NHS and social care services treat older people as individuals and enable them to make choices about their own care. This would include takings into consideration the individual needs of a person and not just comparative needs or needs relating to illness. The importance of holism is being incorporated in to many care based initiatives to create a more patient focused service. valuingpeople. gov. uk/dynamic/valuingpeople4. jsp When all the perspectives on holistic care are collated, it is possible to see that treating a patient holistically is not only important, but it is paramount from the period of admission, during assessment, care planning and discharge. It should be incorporated in all levels of nursing intervention as it is considered a macro approach by looking at the bigger picture as apposed to the micro problem or health problem. Pearson Vaughan (1994, p. 97) supports the view that holistic care treats the whole person and promoting holistic care as assessment and care planning which occur as an integral part of the relationship can be tailored to individual need. The need for a holistic approach is also reflected in legislations and regulations and these statues require compliance. For example the Human Rights 1998 states that people have the right not to be discriminated against, right to respect for private and family life, freedom of thought, conscience and religion. By considering these rights it could be argued that we would be taking a holistic approach rather than treating patients as a condition; as apposed to an individual. In 2007 and the Mental Health Act was amended to remedy human right incompatibilities and the code practice changed to include recognition for diversity and sets a more holistic approach to patients care. Therefore importance of treating people holistically applies to all patients including marginalised groups. www. opsi. gov. uk/acts/acts1998/ukpga The holistic approach embraces equality diversity and rights avoiding litigation and oppressive care practice. By looking at the person as an individual and engaging with the person we are working ethically, within legal frame works and codes of practice. We are putting the patient at the centre of all decisions made and supporting inclusion and involvement. In conclusion there are many aspects of patient care and the holistic approach is about taking a more rounded view of a person their life and their lifestyle. It is more ethical is more likely to maintain or encourage a positive self concept/image or a balanced equilibrium. We have established that there are many elements and factors make up a persons identity and we should consider these factors to ensure a patient maintains a sense of self and does not become diminished as a result of treatment or care provided. We need to comply with law and codes of practice to ensure that we keep patients and our selves safe. The holistic approach is one that should start at the point of contact to discharge. It is important when identifying need within multi agency working frame works and planning patient care. It helps to maintain independence and can in some cases have an impact on recovery. The holistic approach requires nurses to be more diverse, innovate and analytical, demanding a host of new skills that are required to undertake the role. Many nurses have evolved from working with medical facts and processes to working outside the box and co-coordinating care for individuals with complex needs. The holistic approach underpins how we practice and treat our patients.