Little Prince by Antoine De Saint-Exupery Essay

The Little Prince or Le Petit Prince was inspired by the author Antoine de Saint Exupery’s real life experience and just added fictionalized images to make it real and understandable. It became the marvelous book written for children. Sold over 140,000,000 copies worldwide into more than 250 languages and has been one of the best-selling books published ever. According to Paris-based Saint-Exupery Foundation, â€Å"The Little Prince† is the most translated book in history after The Bible. It also known as â€Å"children’s fable for adult† as it conveys profound and idealistic views in human nature and its settings. Until now, The Little Prince is still the most advisable book not only for the children but also to the adults to read. Antoine de Saint Exupery was a French aviator and writer who became more popular with this novella, which was written in year 1943. After failing in a university preparatory school and was not able to pursue his real dream to become a naval officer. He entered into a different field which is architecture but still resulted in failures and he did not even graduated. In 1921, he started his military service and was sent to Strasbourg for training as a pilot. In 1926 he became one of the pioneers of international postal flight. Until an accident happened in 1935 wherein a sudden machine failure strike and crashed it in the Libyah Sahara desert. In four days of experiencing dehydration, there was a Bedouin on a camel discovered them and saved their lives. The book begins with the narrator, which is the Pilot reminiscing the days when he was a six year old boy. He was trying to draw a boa constrictor and shows it to the grown-ups, but they always advise that he should stop dreaming to become an artist instead he should focus in geography, grammar, arithmetic and history. So he gave up his dream to become an artist and choose another profession which is to pilot airplanes. And whenever he met someone, he always showed his drawings of boa constrictor and asked them if they know it. But he always gets an answer of â€Å"That’s a hat†. Then he would never talk to that person about boa constrictor again. Until a plane crash accident happened in Sahara Desert and he met the little prince that asking him to draw a sheep. After three attempts and failed to draw a sheep, he decided to draw a box instead and explained that the sheep were inside of it. That was the start of their friendship. The narrator soon found out that the little prince came from what he called his planet which is Asteroid B-612. Where there can be found a baobabs, a two active volcanoes and a flower. As each day passed, the narrator soon learned to know the flower. Its importance and the way it was treated by the prince. When the prince is about to travel onto the other planet, he found himself in the neighborhood of asteroids 325, 326, 327, 328, 329 and 330. The first of them was inhabited by a king, who was said to rule everything but the real thing is it’s completely nothing. The second planet was inhabited by a conceited man, who always think that everyone were his admirer. The third planet was inhabited by a tippler, who is not consistent with what he’s saying. The fourth planet belonged to a businessman, who is busy in counting stars and also believes that he owns them. The fifth planet was the smallest planet wherein there was just a street lamp and a lamplighter. The little prince has thought that the lamplighter could be his friend and also because of the 1440 sunsets it has every day, but the planet is too small for them. The sixth planet was ten times larger than the last one. It was inhabited by a geographer who wrote voluminous books. He was thought as an explorer and was asked several questions in his own planet. On the latter part, the geographer advised the planet Earth as the best to visit. When the little prince arrived in on the planet earth, he first met a snake claims that through his poison he can bring the little prince back to his planet. Had talk to a three-petaled flower, climbed in to highest mountain hoping to see a human. Then he found a rose garden that made him depressed because he thought of his flower in his planet which acclaimed she’s one of a kind. He also met a fox and they became friends. The fox made him realize what makes his flower unique is because of the way he gave importance to it. The prince continued his journey where he met the railway switchman and a merchant. He discovered lot of new things about differences of grown-ups and the children. Back to the present, the narrator experiencing dehydration and with the help of the little prince, he found a well. Later he found out that the little prince was deciding to go back to his planet for his flower through the help of the snake. The little prince made a very sentimental farewell but the narrator refuses to leave him alone in the desert. Soon, the little prince allowed the snake to bite him and falls without making a sign. The next morning, the narrator was not able to find the body of the little prince and concluded that he must be already at his planet. The story ends with a portrait of the landscape where they have met. Making the readers engage if some day they will be in African desert, and will meet a little man with the same characteristics. That will surely be the little prince. The Little Prince is known as a children fable and an example of allegory. Merriam Webster Dictionary defines allegory as the expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and actions of truths or generalizations about human existence. There are many symbolic fictional figures to consider in the story. First the stars, it symbolizes the feeling and emotions of humans. It also symbolizes the mystery of the universe. Secondly, the planets and the remarkable persons can be found on it. They symbolize the group of people, where different type or attitudes of grown-ups are in. Thirdly, the rose symbolizes as the comfort zone. If you won’t get out of it, you won’t discover or know a lot of important things. Fourthly, the trains which can be found in Chapter 22, it symbolizes the things how people rushed things and wasn’t able to see the importance of its existence. Lastly, the water symbolizes a spiritual fulfillment or as a completion for what supposed to be done. The point of view in the poem is a first person, which is the pilot. But mostly focuses in narrating the story up to the end. Still the question is, who is this book really written for? Yes, it has been said that this is good for both children and adults. But there are some ideologies might not be understandable for the children, just like the bizarre story of a little prince that fell in love with his flower. And for the adults wherein their negative perspective has been criticize. Is that what really the book for? A blogger named Erin (2008) of Goodreads said that â€Å"We are all children in adults bodies. Yes we are, don’t think we aren’t for one moment. The fact that we WERE, indeed, children, is a huge part of each of us. It is possible to shed a few appreciative tears on every page of this book if you entertain the thought that the pilot IS The Little Prince. Maybe you won’t think that–maybe you’ll have your own take on the book—that’s the magic about it†¦Consider honoring the Little You that still remains, and resides within you, and read this ‘salute’ to childhood, to innocence, and to you. It just takes a ‘Little’ imagination and bravery.† This book is made to tickle the imagination of the children as well as to show sort of the reality about grown-ups. Every story has its own moral lesson. In this story, children can have their own realization on reading it. Adults can also have their own insights about themselves. It’s good for the children to read because of its illustration, based on an open source site Wikipedia, The Little Prince was illustrated through watercolors painted personally by Exupery. Another unknown reviewer noted that the author â€Å"Exupery chose the best illustrations†¦ to maintain the ethereal tone he wanted his story to exude. Choosing between ambiguity and literal text and illustrations, Saint-Exupà ©ry chose in every case to obfuscate.† Also, good for the young adults because of its humorous attack in portraying values. The mood is first a mystery, wherein the little prince did not reveal where he comes from. It captures the imagination of the readers. Until pieces by pieces it became adventure when the little prince started to tell the story of his journey in seven planets including the Earth. The tone of the story is much more with being regretful when the little prince left his flower alone in his planet. Curiosity in the part of the narrator; about his real identity and where did he came from. Happiness and sadness all throughout the days were the narrator and the little prince were together in the desert. But at the end, still being able to treasure the moments they have together makes each characters happy. Philosophical approach is used because it mostly focuses in dealing with the undesirable values of grown-ups. Then a part of it is Biographical because some scenes are almost similar with the experience of the author. Example of this is the narrator’s boa constrictor drawing but grown-ups were always telling him that it’s a hat. For the author, this scene may be similar when he failed to enter in the preparatory university school and wasn’t able to pursue his dreams. Instead he ended up for being an aviator. There is also a part of Introspective approach as cited in by Wahlig (2010), it’s a reader-response approach, where the reader takes an active role in garnering meaning or value from a text. The reader is responsible for taking an inventory of her own biases, values or assumptions prior to reading and pinpointing the ways that a text challenges or reinforces those traits. Introspective approaches also value the subjectivity of the reader’s experience and assume that an objective reading is either impossible or no more valuable than a subjective reading. It occurs when it simply engage the readers if through their own experiences in dealing with the attitude of grown-ups and will make a self realization if the book’s telling the truth towards their attitudes. As the mostly recommended book for children, the writer executed a different type of writing or illustrating the story. Exupery stated on page 19, chapter 4 of the Little Prince: â€Å"Figures are a matter of indifference. I should have liked to begin this story in the fashion of the fairy-tales. I should have like to say â€Å"Once upon a time there was a little prince who lived on a planet that was scarcely any bigger than himself, and who had need of a sheep†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"to those who understand life, that would have given a much greater air of truth to my story.† The way he uniquely narrate the story is one factor why this became remarkable not only to the children but also to the French literature. This book is full of symbols and meanings, but what are the moral lessons? Valuing life as well as the little things on it is the highlight of this story. Everything we say or show to others will reflect to everyone’s who’s involved until the end. Just like what happened to the narrator of the story, he wanted to be an artist and also tried to show his drawings numbers one and two to the grown-ups of a boa constrictor. But he always gets a wrong interpretation and insisting him not to pursue his dream of being an artist instead focus on grammar, arithmetic, geography and history. The negative side of it reflected when he became a pilot, and someone asked him to draw a sheep. He did not know how to draw anything aside from boa constrictor since he stopped to draw when he failed about his boa constrictor. Also in reality, the way how people look more in to the physical appearance than to the inner side. Like on Chapter 4, where there was a Turkish astronomer in 1909 in a Turkish costume. Nobody believed on what he said about asteroid B-612 because of his look. And when he tried to present it again in European costume, everybody accepted his report. â€Å"It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to eye.† Grown-ups are indeed so much like that, for them figures are more important than its meaning. The interpretation or understanding of the story will always depend on how it will touch one’s heart. References: * Adamson, Thomas Little Prince’ discovery offers new insight into classic book, The Times Tribune May 2012 * De Saint- Exupery, Antoine, The Little Prince, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd.  © * Goodreads, The Little Prince http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/157993.The_Little_Prince * Wahlig, Hannah, Types of Approaches in Literary Analysis, http://www.ehow.com/info_8368198_types-approaches-literary-analysis.html * Wikipedia, Antoine De Saint-Exupery http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_De_Saint_Exupery * Wikipedia, The Little Prince http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Little_Prince

Genetically Modified Foods One World Essay Essay

Did you know that we’ve been eating genetically modified foods for the past 10 years? It’s in about 70-75% of our nation’s food. Our food supply has greatly improved. Today we are going to find out what are genetically modified foods. Genetically modified foods are foods that have been engineered in the laboratory. They are improved in many ways. In the first part of my speech I will talk about the genetic modification technology in food and agriculture, locating improvements. In the second part I will include a debate about food safety, consumer attitudes and other concerns. Newspapers frequently carry stories about genetically modified food. The biotechnology agricultural age is occurring. Scientists had an idea to make food have better appearance, growth, and taste. In genetic engineering you take the best food available and add the few characters you are interested in so that you’re breeding efficiency is increased. The last century was a time of big changes in genetic engineering. Humanity made huge steps toward creating new life. Experiments with creating human were not successful, but the whole world was watching the experiment with sheep Dooley, which became first cloned animal. It was first such a big succeeded experiment and as a result almost everyone knew the last news about the sheep. However a big achievement was made in modifying new plants and crops. In the 21st century genetically modified products already became a part of our life. Every day new genetic products appear in shops and it becomes harder to find healthy food which does not contain any added chemical components. Apples during the winter time, oranges which become ripe twice faster than their period of ripening and tomato bushes which can survive very cold weather prove that biological world had experienced a lot of changes. Experiments are being made, new plants are being produced for a quite a long period of time, however genetically modified products is one of the hotly debatable topics today. The benefits of gene technology in terms of food production are enormous. The most common genetically engineered crops contain modifications that make the plants resistant to certain diseases and herbicides, or allow them to produce their own pesticides, thereby eliminating or reducing the need to spray. So-called â€Å"Bt corn,† for example, contains a gene resistant to the harmful mycotoxin fungus and herbicide producers, Monsanto have created a strain of soybeans genetically modified to be unaffected by their product Roundup. The soybean farmer therefore can avoid targeting specific weeds and require just one application of a general weed-killer, reducing costs and agricultural waste run-off. Genetically modified crops are also being adapted to grow in salty, dry or frosty environments, contain edible vaccines, have a longer shelf life and be more nutritious. A group of Swiss and German scientists recently developed a strain of GM rice known as ‘golden rice’ due to its altered color. Containing genes that produce a unusually high amount of beta-carotene (vitamin A), this rice could be a solution to the thousands of poor children in Asia who eat little but rice and go blind or die from lack of vitamin A. Public reaction to the use of recombinant DNA in genetic engineering however has been mixed. Sliding US export commodities such as genetically modified soybeans and corn have highlighted hardened public opinion and widespread resistance to biotech crops, especially in the European Union. Concerns about GM foods fall into three categories: economics, environmental hazards and human health risks. The latter two have been the subject of hot debate, both in Australia and overseas. Environmental damage from GM crops can be caused through various channels. One of the main concerns has been the possibility of gene transfer to a non-target species, that is crops engineered for herbicide tolerance and weeds cross-breeding, resulting in the transfer of the herbicide resistance to create ‘super weeds’. In addition, environmentalists fear that transgenic plants may proliferate rapidly, pollinating natural plants in their surroundings eliminating existing species. Further environmental suspicions include those of unintended harm to other organisms and of the reduced effectiveness of pesticides once insects become tolerant to a crop’s natural pesticide. Questions have also been raised on the human impact of genetically modified organisms. Critics of recombinant DNA fear that the pathogenic, or disease-producing organisms used in some recombinant DNA experiments might develop extremely infectious forms that could cause worldwide epidemics. Likewise, the unknown effect of foreign genes introduced into GM food crops in terms of human health also presents a controversial issue. Furthermore, there is a possibility that introducing a gene into a plant may create a new allergen or cause an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. A proposal to incorporate a gene from Brazil nuts into soybeans in order to increase their nutritional value was abandoned when it was found that the genetically engineered soybeans caused an allergic reaction in people sensitive to Brazil nuts. For these reasons, extensive testing and labeling of GM foods may be required to avoid the possibility of harm to consumers with food allergies. Biotechnology has started to revolutionize food production, with fantastic results. With the world population of 6 billion expected to double in the next 50 years and an adequate food supply becoming a major challenge it will no doubt continue to do so in the future.

My Personal Learning Style

Benjamin Franklin once said, ‘’Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn. ’’ Great quote to simplify how some people learn best, by doing rather than seeing or hearing. It is important to realize that most students do not know the learning style that stands out in their personalities; under that circumstance, it could be hard for them to improve their grades.That is why I consider important knowing and understanding the characteristic of a kinesthetic learner to thereby adjust my study habits and do better in college. Whereas for some people it is easy to remember materials they have seen or heard, for me it is easy to remember things that I have experienced. Likewise, I can say that ‘’learning through doing’’ is the first characteristic that helped me to recognize myself as a kinesthetic learner.Additionally, there are three others characteristics that put me in that category. First of all, I learn bes t by actively exploring objects. I do not usually read instructions or manuals, ‘’Forget the manual, I will work it out’’ is a phrase I use often when I buy a new electronic device or any product that needs to be assembled. Secondly, as a kinesthetic learner I find hard to study by reading or listening. It takes me more time to remember and understand the material given in class.As a result, I quickly get tired and bored about studying and later I may become distracted by my need for activity. The final characteristic that makes a this kind of learner is that I need to be active constantly. I may feel uncomfortable if I have to sit for long periods of time, specially in classrooms where I lack of opportunities for exploration. The only exception of a class where I never become bored during high school was chemistry, due to the experiments that the professor assigned in class.It is important for me as a student to know the study habits that fit better my le arning style, it not only will help me to preform better in college, but it also will make me understand and study the material given in class easily and quickly. The first adjustment I would like to make to my study habits is joining to study groups. Better understanding of the course material and the development of teamwork skills are some of the benefits I can obtain by joining to people who are willing to learn with me.Another change I would make to my study habits to fit my learning style, would be studying in short blocks. It is true that my need of exploring distracts me while I study for tests or quizzes, but taking breaks of 15 minutes as a reward after studying from 45 to 60 minutes, will help me to get rid of any possible distraction or negative feelings such as, boredom or tiredness. By carefully making the right adjustments to my study habits that, at the same time, would fit my personal learning style, I know that I would improve and do better as a student not only in tests and quizzes, but also in college.

E-Business and e-commerce marketplace analysis Essay

E-Business and e-commerce marketplace analysis - Essay Example My organisation can also benefit from the large customer base available over the internet which will lead to wide market being reached via advertising thus translating into increased sales revenue. 2.The following are some of the benefits that exist for both B2B and B2C organisations; there is cost reduction on purchasing since waste is reduced, lowered transaction costs due to standardisation and automation of agreement,inquiring,ordering,paying and receiving processes. The other benefits are finding and conducting new business, thus it is easy for companies to find business partners that previously were unknown to them; and lastly businesses will increase their efficiency on supply chain due to automated procurement processes. The last benefit is monitoring of corporate spending which enables buyers to acquire information on the patterns of buying, consequently letting firms to allocate, reduce and control spending. The barriers include strategic change; thus a change in a business system of a firm can be revolutionary (strategic) or evolutionary (operational) process. This means there could be resistance to change which could be due to cultural or psychological reasons. The other barrier is costs and financing of putting e-commerce in place; the costs of implementing e-commerce can be such a terrible barrier especially for SMEs and they include costs associated with procuring hardware and software, planning, telecommunications and maintenance

Improvement ideas for a company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Improvement ideas for a company - Essay Example The sub improvements parts include the creation of database for the vacancies which develop within the TS and the recruitment needs and creation of a database which store the information of all job applicants. 1.2 Benefit The benefit of the database for the vacant positions and recruitment requirements within Talent Seek Company will benefit the human resource department which will be able to determine the demand for labour within the organization. This will enable the organization to plan earlier for the recruitment process. This will include early advertisement for the positions and thus pave way for the processing of the application forms. This will therefore lead to efficiency in the process of recruitment within the company. Additionally, creation of a database for the storage of applicant information will ensure that the human resource department and management will be allowed to achieve sufficient data for comparison and analysis before the short listing of the qualified candi dates. This will eventually benefit the company through recruitment of the most qualified, skilled, experienced and knowledgeable staff. 1.3 Issues The possible issues which would emanate from the creation of the new databases include the support of the executive management of the company. This is because; the cost benefit issues will arise. This means that the human resource department will play a significant role in demonstrating to the top executives about the benefits that the organization which achieve through the creation of the databases. 1.4 Link with other improvement suggestions Through the creation of a database for the storage of job application data, the organization will be able to select and thus communicate with the successful applicants via the website for the external candidates. The internal website will be liked with the database for the vacancies within the organization. This will allow various department and managers of the organization to report the needs for labour in the organization. This will lead to efficiency in reporting vacancies and therefore efficiency in the meeting of the labour needs of the company’s departments. 1.5 Required Investments To create a database for vacancies and the storage of the applicant data, the company will require investing monetary resources to this venture. This means that funds will be allocated for the purchase and maintenance of the databases. The purchase of the database includes funds for the acquisition of storage hardware and backup systems in addition to the database management systems. 1.6 Reference model / Benchmark The reference model for the creation of the databases includes the policies and practices of the company in the management of databases. The adopted databases must therefore be compliant to the policies and procedures that are laid for effective management of the databases. Additionally, the database must be compatible with the company’s already installed systems whi ch are the major reference models for the implementation of the database (DeMers 27). 1.7 Time Frame The implementation of the databases is a short term project. This is because of the ease with which it is to implement as compared to the adoption and creation of an information system as a

Green in Shakespeares Tragedy of King Lear Essay

Green in Shakespeares Tragedy of King Lear - Essay Example William Shakespeare, a known English playwright, and poet are regarded widely as the greatest writer in the language of English and the pre-eminent world’s dramatist. Translation of his major plays has been done to almost all living language and more often performed than other playwrights. In his book, The Tragedy of King Lear, many aspects presage the green literature. The work of Shakespeare illuminates more about human nature that is more instructive for a green environment. With respect to the theory of Green literature, ecocriticism involves the study of the relationship between the environment and the research. The book is all about the British elderly king who decides to give out his power and realm to one of his daughters. Even though his preferred choice is the one who loves him most, the other two disguises him and acquire the wealth. The two later turns against him but through the friends of the other daughter, he manages to ascertain the reality. In relevance to nature, therefore, a habitat consists of different organisms’ co-existing together for mutual benefits. An organism can acquire help from the other community, for instance in support. Plants with tendrils, for example, get support from big trees to acquire sunlight. This paper, therefore, analyses the review of the play, The Tragedy of King Lear with regards to the theory of Green Literature, how ecocriticism relates both literature and the environment. The theory of green literature provides the vocabulary towards environmental ethics as well as an attitude in the story of King Lear. This offered a movement beyond symbolism and thematic which were widely characterized by the critical work of Shakespeare in relation to the environment representation.  

The rational Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The rational - Essay Example The Internet is not only a source of learning but also a superb source of entertainment. The internet offers a wide range of recreational activities (Klapter et al, 2009:7). Considering the benefits attributed to the internet, a website to teach attributed aspects of colours has been launched. This website intends to teach the children aged 5 and 9 years. 1.1 A brief description about the website I have developed a website entitled â€Å"Learning Colours† for children. The website contains six pages and ten sub-pages. The â€Å"Home Page† introduces viewers to the Rainbow, which is essential in the learning process. I have provided my introduction in About Me page, though it has little concern with the children learning process. A Flikr video in Page 3 explains the steps essential for uploading and drawing colours on the website. On equal measure, Page 4 has multiple items that include the name and images of sixteen colour shades depicted with background music. Moreover , the fill in the blanks strategy, has been applied by providing incomplete names of colours to be filled by the children. Conversely, images have also been included in front of the specific colours for the curiosity and learning. Moreover, primary and secondary, as well as warm and cool colours have been depicted in this page. The other pages contain more colour attributive aspects such as colour mixing and rainbow colours among others. 1.2 My Teaching Methodology I intend to use my website as an additional source at the end of the class lecture, such that the children can be able to recall the activities learnt in this lecture. A website is easy to understand and beneficial for teaching in the modern era. Consequently, the depiction of images could be helpful in teaching the children about colours. This means that the children can learn about the objects and colours simultaneously through this teaching methodology (WHITTY, 2006:6). The children are required to access the relevant material through the portable tablets in advance, such that during the face –face meetings, a series of simple but interrelated questions about colours would be asked from the accessed materials. The activity relates to Piaget’s Cognitive Learning Theory, which submits to state that sequence of learning depends upon the development of cognitive abilities (SZIGETHY, WEISZ, & FINDLING, 2012). 2.0 Activities and Principles 2.1 Activities Accurate and powerful designs of the websites, according to NEILSEN (1994:7), carry profound significance in conveying the message and achieving the goals to be obtained through it. Keeping in view the same notion, I intend to introduce some alterations in the website in order to make the design schemes more attractive, powerful and resourceful. In addition, I intend to create a â€Å"learn with parents† page. This is because; it is a good indicator of children’s success when engaged by their parents. The learning process be comes easy when the parents help their children to go through the internet pages when helping them to do their assignment. (WHITTY, 2006:5). On equal measure, I intend to use the flickr group in evaluating the children’s work. In addition, the flickr group will enable the children to

Integration of Third Country Nationals in the EU Essay

Integration of Third Country Nationals in the EU - Essay Example In the last 20 years the issue of migration of third world citizens to the European countries has gained particular importance and the member states of the European Union have shown special concern to the matter. The first such move to address the matter was taken in the early 1990's with the treaty of Amsterdam which was first such move of the European Council taken in order to safeguard the social and political rights of third country nationals within the Europe. Such a move along with the ongoing efforts in trying to curtail the immigration in the Europe and tightening the Immigration and Asylum policies was conceived by many observers a stride towards a new culture that will be tolerant, supportive and nondiscriminatory towards the immigrants. Consequently the European Council met in 1999 and drafted a set of procedures at Tampere that guaranteed political rights and a treatment to the third world citizens that would be analogous to EU nationals. The main aim of the conference was to design an integrated policy for the entire European Union. Despite these efforts to homogenize the policies regarding the assimilation of the third world national a number of imperative decisions regarding the employment and other important economic and social aspects were left with the member states and this marked for the insufficiency of the measures to a great extent. One of the factors underlining the varying responses amongst the Europeans has been the d iscrepancy in the level of exposure to the immigrants. Certain have developed a great deal of deal of acumen regarding the issue through continuous interaction with the immigrant inflow for over a long time as compared to these nations a few of the EU member states have only lately been faced with immigration. This factor has resulted in a wide variety of approaches to find a resolution to the matter. As the percentage of the non-Europeans increases and with the every chance of further enhancement in the number the need for a regulated and uniform effort becomes more than significant. Moreover to eliminate the possible threats of discrimination, social exclusion, xenophobia and racism it is extremely vital to make a concerted effort to develop an effective set of policies and procedures regarding the integration of the third country inhabitants. What is Integration This has been subject that has been dealt with respect to a number of principal subject areas including sociology, mathematics and a number of other sciences. Often it has been defined as a term but very seldom has it been looked upon as a concept. Integration as a concept in the context of this subject has been defined as a dynamic, multidimensional process that incorporates mutual socioeconomic, political, legal and cultural accommodation by all immigrants and residents of Member States of the European Union. The basic aim behind the introduction of the phenomenon is to assimilate a universal culture within Europe and to train the third world nationals in the local language, norms, values and to develop them as a permanent fragment, notwithstanding of the color, of the European Society. Importance of Integration to the EU member states Democracy and equality have been popular slogans of the West in the latter part of the 20th century. Realizing that equal contribution by all parties is at the heart of democracy and that

Logistics and Webiste Hosting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Logistics and Webiste Hosting - Essay Example For a novice entrepreneur, venturing into the corporate world, this not only amounts to added burden, but is also far more time-consuming. Both of these factors contribute negatively to the potential survival and subsequent growth of the business in the future. As an entrepreneur I need to be looking for ways to minimize cost and maximize efficiency, and hosting my own website is at the opposing end of this. With a business venture in its embryonic stages, it is not wise to be investing any unnecessary time or money when cheaper and effective alternatives are readily available. I know from experience that using a web-hosting website is convenient and cost-effective. 1and1.com is one of the many available service providers. All I had to do was sign up and register my unique domain name like logisticspartner.net, and now my website will be hosted by their server at modest charges. They also provide the opportunity to buy all similar domain names for example logisticspartner.org or logisticspartner.co to ensure the originality of my brand name. The only effort I needed to make was to verify the authenticity of the service provider, and to look for technical services compatible with my business type. A logistics business should not expect any extraordinarily heavy traffic therefore a service with a reasonable bandwidth and storage capacity should work just fine (Top10bestwebsitehosting.com, 2014). To top it all off, web-hosting websites provide customer assistance as well. Thus, as a business owner who is not very well equipped with technical expertise, I woul d prefer to use a web-hosting service instead of hosting my own website. Top10bestwebsitehosting.com. (2014). The top 10 web hosting companies of 2014. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.top10bestwebsitehosting.com/index.php?kw=web%20hosting&c=37398489468&t=search&p=&m=e&adpos=1t1&a=2710&gclid=CIDEtKK3nbwCFUVa3goduz0A6g

International Business- Foreign Direct Investment Essay

International Business- Foreign Direct Investment - Essay Example Vertical FDI involves locating different stages of production in different countries. Oil companies showcase vertical FDI through production/drilling, product refining and distribution in different countries. Lastly, conglomerate FDI where a firm acquires controlling interests in a firm operating in a different country. FDI brings the advantage of job provision, injection of cash into the economy, income to governments through taxation and infrastructural/technological development (Nehaus 42-45). However, the firms may concentrate the top and crucial management positions with expatriates while also repatriating profits to their home countries (Kapil 629). Besides, financial downturns such as the recent global economic crisis would see the firm close the foreign investments first. Nehaus (142) discusses the OLI paradigm of attracting FDI- Ownership advantages, Locational advantages and benefits of Internationalization, where locational influences can be determined by the host country. Here, big markets, removal of market entry barriers, subsidies and lower costs, good infrastructure, trade openness and economic and political stability promote FDI. At all times, the country has to be aware that it is competing with other countries to receive the

The US and Thailand Free

The US and Thailand Free Essay The US and Thailand Free commenced negotiations in respect of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on June 28, 2004. Approximately six rounds of talks between the two countries have been conducted pursuant to the FTA negotiations as of 2006. US Chamber of Commerce: Trade Policy) The overall intent is to liberalize â€Å"trade in goods, agriculture, and investment† and harmonization of intellectual property rights (Ahearn and Morrison, 2004) Ever since the founding of the World Trade Organization (WTO and its General Agreement on Trade and Services (GATT) developed nation member states, such as the US have adhered to the WTO’s policy to help developing and less developed member states such as Thailand improve their economic growth by entering into bilateral trade agreements with them. (Fbiosa et ales, 2005) Thailand has over the years demonstrated a keener willingness to open its markets to liberalized trade than many of the other Asian nations. This particularly so in the area of agriculture. Relations between Thailand and the US commenced as early as 1833 with the Trade and Amity and Commerce Agreement. (US Chamber of Commerce: Trade Policy) By 1966 the Treaty of Amity and Economic Relations was successfully negotiated between the two countries with each country granting the other equal trade treatment. (US Chamber of Commerce: Trade Policy) The 1966 Treaty came to an end in 2004, although extended by mutual agreement to December 2006, the FTA is intended to take its place. (US Chamber of Commerce: Trade Policy) Aside from the economic benefits to both countries, the US hoped to strengthen US-Thailand relations for the purpose of combating terrorism. This fact together with cultural differences, a political crisis in 2006, health concerns and Thailand’s relationship with other Asian nations have proven problematic for both countries in reaching a mutual agreement. (US Chamber of Commerce: Trade Policy) This paper examines the US-Thailand FTA Agreement, its history and its future track with reference to the difficulties that impede bringing the negotiations to a final conclusion. History and Background Thailand has long since been regarded as an ally of the US, a position that was only fortified during the Cold War period and strengthened even further following the terror attacks on the US on September 11, 2001. (Chanlett-Avery, 2006) The relationship between the US and Thailand has always been characterized by mutual trade and economic interests. (Chanlett-Avery, 2006) Following the 2001 terrorist attacks in the US the relationship took on a new dimension when it became obvious that Thailand shared, at least in part the US desire to fight terrorism in the Southeast Asian region. (Chanlett-Avery, 2006) These facts and circumstances together with Thailand’s strong economic and political ties to China puts Thailand in a position to have some influence in the Far East. (Chanlett-Avery, 2006) Recognizing the strategic economic and political position of Thailand in the Asia-Pacific area and its close ties with the US, President George Bush â€Å"designated† Thailand â€Å"as a major non-NATO ally in 2003. † (Chanlett-Avery, 2006) This designation is partly due to Thailand’s history of support to the US during the Cold War and partly due to its position with respect to the US counter terrorism initiatives. (Chanlett-Avery, 2006) Aside from sending troops to aide the US in its wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, Thailand authorities arrested a â€Å"high-profile† Islamic rebel in a â€Å"joint Thai-US operation† in 2003. (Chanlett-Avery, 2006) Co-existing with these diplomatic and amicable relations was the Treaty of Amity and Economic Relations between the US and Thailand which was signed in Bangkok on May 29th 1966. (US-Thai Treaty of Amity, 1966) The 1966 Treaty permits US citizens and companies incorporated in Thailand or in the US to hold all the shares in a business situated in Thailand and to conduct business in Thailand in the same manner as Thai citizens. There were certain restrictions on American investments including land holding, fiduciary services, communications, transportation, domestic agricultural trade and damaging natural resources. (US-Thai Treaty of Amity, 1966) The Treaty also provided favourable treatment to Thai businessmen upon application for entry visas into the US for business purposes. Moreover, there were no restrictions on repatriating funds to Thai by Thai business concerns in the US. (US-Thai Treaty of Amity, 1966) The Treaty of Amity and Economic Relations should have expired in September 2006 but was extended to a further period of 90 days bringing it to an end in December of 2006 instead. (US Chamber of Commerce: Trade Policy) In anticipation of the expiration of the Treaty of Amity and Economic Relations and the economic success of trade relations between the US and Thai, President Bush and Thai Prime Minister Thaskin announced on 19 October, 2003 plans to negotiate a bilateral trade agreement between the two countries. (Ahearn et ales, 2004) In March 2004, both countries announced that negotiations would commence in June of 2004. (Ahearn et ales, 2004) The first two rounds of negotiations took place in Thailand in 2004 with a third round taking place there in 2005. (Ahearn and Morrison, 2006) Fourth and Fifth rounds of negotiations were conducted in Montano on September 26-30, 2005 in Hawaii and earlier in the year at Montana on July 15. (Ahearn and Morrison, 2006) A sixth round was conducted in Thailand which ended all talks as a result of political unrests in Thailand. (Ahearn and Morrison, 2006) While some progress was made at the fifth round of talks in Hawaii, the remaining talks were for the most part unsuccessful. Essentially what was agreed to at the fifth round of talks was the removal of barriers to trade with the emphasis on tariffs with respect to goods crossing US borders to Thailand and vice versa. (Thailand’s Legal News Update, October, 2005) Both the United States and Thailand also agreed that Internet Service Providers should be included in all talks relative to intellectual property rights protection. (Thailand’s Legal News Update, October, 2005) Further agreement was made by the US to permit Thailand patent protection with respect to its rice and silk products. (Allison, 2006) The details of these agreements are discussed in much greater detail later on. The World Trade Review reported that the fourth round of negotiations held in Montana did not yield particulars of any specific agreements. However, the talks went well enough to ensure that both parties were likely to come to an arrangement at the fifth round of talks in Hawaii, (World Trade Review, 2005) which as previously noted did yield a consensus on tariffs and patent protection on rice and silk. In Montana, both US and Thai negotiating teams met with business representatives of Montana and were equally impressed with the importance of agricultural trade in the US. The negotiators also met with business officials within the telecommunications, financial, automobile, energy and additional service factions of the community. (World Trade Review, 2005) The World Trade Review believes that the results of this meeting and round of talks helped to pave the way for some agreement in the next round of talks. (World Trade Review, 2005) Be that as it may, relations between the US and Thailand were not without some difficulties. James A. Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asia and Pacific Affairs touched on a number of issues that were problematic for the US in his address to the Asia Foundation in Washington, D. C. on March 13, 2002. Noting that both countries shared a mutual interest in the concepts and benefits of security, liberty democracy and maintaining free and open trade markets Kelly also noted that there was a growing perception in Thailand that the US was either acting in bad faith or trying to take advantage of Thailand. (Kelly, 2002) Other problems were highlighted at the Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) The Bilateral Conference took place in Washington D. C. on March 11-13 under the auspices of 10 senior Thai government officials who met with American trade and government officials for the express purpose of debating the important isses within the context of a bilateral trade agreement. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) There was evidence of a strain in US-Thai relations following the US war with Vietnam from a Thai perspective. Many Thais felt that the US had neglected Thailand and felt even more disenchanted with the US following the Asian financial crisis of 1997 especially with respect tot he US’s the unduly strenuous conditions placed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) with respect to Thailand’s aid relief. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) By the end of the 90s both political and economic relations between the two countries was quite often tense. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) The waning relationship was complicated by a failure on the US’s part to offer a viable loans system by way of financial relief via the IMF. Further complications arose out of the US’s failure to back-up the Thai Minister of Commerce and the Thai Deputy Prime Minister’s nominations to hold the post of World Trade Organization Secretary General in 1999. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) From the US’s perspective the Thai support of the US at the United Nations was weak if at all. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) Moreover, Thailand was reluctant to support the US position with respect to its EP-3 reconnaissance plane episode which involved China. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) The US also had concerns about Thailand’s position with respect to censorship in the media. Although following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the US Thailand once again closed the gap between US and Thailand with its support. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) In the global context, Thailand’s difficulty arises out of a desire to balance its relationship with China with that of the US. The problem for the US is in diminishing China’s stronghold on the Asian region and Thailand found itself having to balance its priorities with respect to negotiating its relationships with both China and the United States. The difficulty for Thailand was maintaining some sort of neutrality in its relationships with both super powers. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) Thailand’s political and economical policies reflect a desire to regularize relations within its immediate region. Of particular interest to Thailand is the strengthening of its commercial ties to regions close to its borders. Its relationship with Burma which is characterized by a trend toward conciliatory approaches is largely problematic for the US. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) The US would prefer it if Thailand took an isolationist approach to Burma. The problem was summarized at the Bilateral Conference. Thailand maintained what it referred to as a â€Å"constructive interaction† with its neighbour Burma and this caused some tension with the United States who would have preferred that Thailand adapted an isolationist stance with Burma. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) The US was also suspicious that the Thai government was lending support to regions like Malaysia and Indonesia which the US regarded as unstable and supportive of terrorist factions. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) The US felt that the anti-American sentiments in Indonesia and Malaysia were at risk of spilling over into Thailand. Notably Thailand Prime Minister Thaksin had been elected into office after running an â€Å"anti-American platform† and there was a concern that Thailand was faltering in its support of the United States on its anti-terrorism policies. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) Be that as it may, the US and Thailand had similar economic and political goals. The best approach was therefore thought to be a bilateral trade agreement. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002)

Security Domains and Strategies Essay Example for Free

Security Domains and Strategies Essay Part 1: Multi-Layered Security Plan Security is a fundamental aspect of any network infrastructure. The goal is to always have the most up to date programs and protocols to ensure the protection of the network. No aspect is too small to over look. That could mean the difference between a secure network and a compromised network. The best way to achieve this is to break down every level and approach each one as a separate entity and secure it. Then you can modify it to suit the needs of your network. We can start with the Application layer. The Application layer provides the interface to the user. First the end user should be subjected to a background check to ensure against any potential malicious or questionable acts in the users past. Then the end user should be properly trained in the use of the computer and the proper protocols to access the network. Updates should be made frequently to keep the user up to date. When the user is in the network, make sure that any unnecessary devices, USB ports and any back doors are disabled. You also want to make sure that all files and emails and downloadable attachments are all thoroughly scanned prior to downloading. Finally, be sure to ensure content filtering, and restrict the end user to only what pertains to their primary function. The Presentation layer is responsible for encoding and decoding data that is passed from the application layer to another station on the internetwork. You must first ensure that all USB ports are disabled, as well as CD and DVD. This helps to prevent any unauthorized uploads or downloads Make sure that any devices that are not pertinent to the user are disabled as well. To prevent any downloads, use filtering and antivirus scanning. Make sure that any external devices are not used unless proper authorization is obtained. Update all software regularly and enable password protection and screen lock out when the computer is inactive. The session layer is responsible for creating, managing and terminating sessions that are used by entities at the presentation layer. First you must secure the physical part by making sure that your closets are secure under lock and key and video monitored as well. Make sure that you have an access list of personnel authorized into the closet and keep a log of all who access the closets. Use the highest key possible for all wireless access points. Finally, make sure that all the work stations are individually encrypted as well. You could use two forms of authorization at the users work station. The Transport layer implements reliable internetwork data transport services that are transparent to upper-layer protocols. First you want to disable ping, probing and port scanning on all the IP devices in the LAN to WAN, this helps prevent phishing and trolling for open ports or any vulnerabilities in the network. you also need to make sure you disable all IP port numbers and monitor with intrusion detection and intrusion prevention systems. You would also like to monitor all of the inbound traffic for any questionable items and apply file transfer monitoring, scanning, and alarming for unknown files. Finally, you should continuously check for vulnerabilities and fix them when they are found, and ensure domain name content filtering is used to keep users on task. The Network layer defines routing services that allow multiple data links to be combined into an internetwork. You should first restrict using the internet for private communications, set permissions to deny any social or streaming web sites or pages. Then put firewalls in place and apply Acceptable Use Policy in accordance to the RFC 1087: Ethics and the internet. Then get your ISP to put the proper filters on its IP router interfaces. Finally, you should back up all data in an offline, and of site location. Be sure to scan all email attachments for possible threats to the network. The Data Link layer provides reliable transit of data across a physical network link. The Data Link layer also defines the physical network-addressing scheme, such as the MAC Address on network interface cards in a workstation connected to a LAN. First you should encrypt all confidential data transmissions through the service provider. You should also make sure that your access control lists are enabled and implement continuous SNMP alarms and security monitoring. The Physical layer defines the parameters necessary to build, maintain, and break the physical link connections. First set automatic blocking for attempted logon retries, this will help against dictionary attacks. You could also apply first-level and secondary level security for remote access to sensitive systems. Be sure to encrypt all private data within the database or hard drive. Finally apply real-time lockout procedures if a token is lost or device is compromised. Part 2: Student SSCP Domain Research Paper This is a multi-layered security plan. First, Assign people that are fully trained and/or provide the training that makes it possible to do the job. To prevent malicious software and etc. in the 7 domains of an IT infrastructure, you can isolate and install preventions for each domain. The domains are as follows: User Domain, Workstation Domain, LAN Domain, and LAN to WAN Domain, Remote Access Domain, WAN Domain, and the System/Application Domain. The first part of the IT infrastructure is the User Domain. It is the weakest link in the IT infrastructure and this is where the users connect to the system. You can make the user aware to the risks and threats that they are susceptible to by holding an Awareness Training session. The system is password protected however; you should change passwords every few months to prevent an attack. Also, log the users as they enter and exit the system to make sure there’s no unauthorized access. While it’s the company’s choice to allow employees to bring in USB/Removable drives, you have a threat to someone obtaining the wrong information, or getting malicious software into the system. If you allow the USB/Removable drives, have a virus scan every time someone inserts one into a company computer. In a Workstation Domain, you need to make sure virus protection is set up. You are protecting administrative, workstations, laptops, departmental workstations and servers, network and operating system software. You can enable password protection and auto screen lockout for inactive times, use workstation antivirus and malicious code policies, use content filtering and antivirus scanning at internet entry and exit, and update application software and security patches according to the policies and standards. You need to also make sure that the laptops are up to date on the anitivirus software. The LAN domain will have all the protocols for the users to make sure that they are authorized to access those areas. Make sure that the server rooms are locked and wireless access points are password protected. A LAN to WAN domain is where the IT infrastructure links to a wide area network and the internet. To prevent any problems make sure you apply strict security monitoring controls for intrusion detection, apply file transfer monitoring, and disable ping, probing and port scanning on all exterior IP devices within this domain and have an alert system when someone plugs in a removable media disk(since they are not allowed). If a problem occurs, fix it fully to make sure it doesn’t happen again. In a WAN Domain, make sure to implement encryption and acceptable use policies. Scan all email attachments and prohibit the internet for private communication (if possible). Make sure security policies are being followed and every employee is in compliance and signs an acceptable use policy. You can allow only access to the mainframe from the job site or on an acceptable laptop. For the Remote Access Domain, you need to focus on password attempts and encryption. First, you need to apply a user id and password. Then, limit the number of times that a user can enter his or her password before it locks out. Also, apply time lockout procedures on confidential data and make sure you encrypt also. Make sure you have qualified people doing their jobs correctly since they will have remote access to other people’s computers. In a System/Application Domain, it holds all the mission critical systems, such as, operating system software, applications, and data. To prevent any virus, malware, or unauthorized access into your system, apply a code of ethics, and implement daily backups. Also, apply polices, standards, and guidelines for all employees who enter and exit the building, make sure all server rooms are secure and that only the people that have access to them are entering them. In conclusion, encryption is a big part of domain security, along with firewalls and doing virus and malware scans. As long as you cover the major aspects and security measures listed in this document, that will be a big plus for your company.

Modern History of the Jaipur Textile Handicraft in Asia

Modern History of the Jaipur Textile Handicraft in Asia The Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, led one of the significant struggle movements during the Indian struggle of Independence, the Non-Cooperation Movement. Aimed towards resisting the British occupation of the nation, hundreds of men and women rallied together. Following the ways of non-violence or ahimsa, the protestors actually tried to uphold the values of integrity and Indian honor by not buying British goods. Since local handicrafts were dying a slow death due to persistent and forceful import of British factory-made goods, a mass scale protest was organised to save the local artisans and their artwork. The colonial oppression and the anger of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre were the major reasons behind such a mass led movement. India has always been a traditionally agrarian economy. Inspite of lack of insufficient qualitative assessment of those times, there is an estimation that the countrys reap was quite an income. During the pre-colonial period of India, the raw and finished textile handicrafts like calicos, muslin, handcrafted shawls, along with other agricultural products were exported to Europe, South East Asia, and the Middle East in exchange of silver and gold. As the British colonialism started, the bankruptcy of the Indias handicraft industry took place. The Industrial Revolution in Europe and the policies implemented by the Company rule in India deprived India of its profits. After Independence, the textile handicraft industry has been helped to revive by various initiatives by the government. With such measures undertaken, the industry has spread from the rural areas to the urban areas. The textile handicraft business has become a high paying job and a business option for entrepreneurs in India. Especially, the artisans of the weaker section are profited with such a respectable and dignified profession. Talking about the various textile handicraft art forms that are popular are pashmina shawl, paithani saris, gara saris, and banarasi silk saris. Being a highly labor oriented, textile handicraft industry mainly occupies women artisans. Phulkari, block printing, jamawar, block printing, batik, tie and dye, and resist printing are popularly seen artworks on various textile handicrafts. Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan. It is famous for its tourism and world heritage monuments. However, it also attracts tourists and people to its land due to its alluring textile handicrafts. The local artisans also offer colorful textile handicraft fabrics in bright colors with embroidery (zardozi and hand embroidery), prints such as traditional Sanganeri hand block prints, and Bagru prints on traditional dresses such as bandhej, lehriya, pachranga, etc. Ethnic textile handicraft wear such as odhanis, safas, and other dress materials are available in plenty with an amazing play of colors and an exquisite mirrorwork on their surfaces. These actually are an excuse to create a style statement and almost every upscale fashion designer gets inspired with such trendy decorational patterns on their creations. With such a playful experience of patterns, colors and designs with Jaipuri handicraft textiles, you can experience India with a rendezvous with Jaipurs cultural and traditional beliefs that are popular worldwide. The royal Pink City also offers some valuable carpets and rugs. Carpet making has been one of the main occupations in the textile handicraft business of Jaipur. Naming its art form roots since the Mughal era, the skilled carpet artisans are mostly the descendents of the Persian weavers that were brought to India. Since then, the erstwile city rulers have patronized carpet weaving inspired with Persian as well as Turkish motifs and decorations. Some of the carpets and rugs acquired from Jaipur have obtained the title of an antique, possessed. The specialty of such rugs is that they are all hand woven. Hand knotted and hand woven floor coverings have been taken to a next level by Jaipur Rugs Company. The gobally renowned company offers quality and durability along with the traditional and contemporary designs. Being a major exporter of rugs and carpets to most countries in the globe, Jaipur Rugs delivers style with buyer satisfaction. Come to Jaipur and buy these wonderful textile handicraft products at Kishanpol Bazaar, Tripolia Bazaar, Nehru Bazaar and Bapu Bazaar within the walled city. New piece (25 October 2010) After Independence, the textile handicraft industry of India has been revived by various initiatives by the government. With such measures undertaken, the industry has spread from rural to urban areas. The textile handicraft business has become a high paying job and a business option for budding entrepreneurs in India. Especially, the artisans of the weaker section are profited with such a respectable and dignified profession along with many of them setting up small cottage industries together in collaboration. In this direction, the Indian government has set up Khadi Gram Udyog too, to give a boost to various traditional handicrafts of India. The several outlets can be found in many states of India. Especially the khadi cloth and its ready-made garments are popular in the domestic and international bazaar. Jaipurs local artisans offer colorful textile handicraft fabrics in brilliant colors with embroidery (zardozi and hand embroidery), prints and exquisite mirror work that it makes a mini fashion industry of Rajasthans own. Origin of Textile Handicrafts Textiles being a constituent part of any civilization, its origin cannot be marked precisely but started in prehistoric Indian history. Nevertheless, the Hindu civilization being one of the oldest one surviving, its traditional textile forms are very famous worldwide. The state of Rajasthan falls in the Northern region of India. The traditions show an enthralling and colorful culture with awe-inspiring royal architecture as well as textiles. Traditionally, the rich culture and spirit of the Rajasthani native is largely held responsible for the beauty of its cultural attire that is preferred by tourists, home and abroad. Particularly Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan and means truly in terms of the availability of various Rajasthani textile handicrafts. Textile Handicrafts in Jaipur Jaipur being a city of an amalgamation of both modern and traditional provides a unique and stunning assortment of cultural attires of Rajasthan. The various textile arts are Handblock Prints, Tie and Dye, Lehariya Prints. Owing to the vibrant bright colors in the clothes, patterned arts such as Samdar Lehar, Chunari and Bandhej are a favorite amongst women and men both. Through tie and dye, splashes of white around the chosen color of the fabric are obtained as a result. Thereafter, the fabric is beautified more with further embellishments. Traditionally, handblock prints are done extensively with vegetable dyes and wooden carved blocks. However, nowadays, chemical dyes are often used for permanency of the prints on the fabric. The most famous gold-like lacework known as Zari, along with gota, zardozi, etc., seemingly cast a spell on eyes as they simply highlight a simple looking piece of cloth to an attractive one. The skillful hands of the craftsmen ably design eccentrically pretty Lehariyas that means the ripples of a shimmering ocean. Each colorfully wavy lehariya is favored by most of the women during a particular festival in Rajasthan. Batik is the freehand color textile form that generously utilises free imagination and big color palette. All blended with the proficiency of the maker turns it into a stylised form of a cloth piece that actually is a head turner. Famous Screen Printing to provide a different type of textile form that is less time consuming to make. With the kind usage of a variety of bright colors on the cloth, the photosensitivity of the color dyes is credited to create wanted pictures or designs. A textile form reflecting the epic story of Pabuji Par, a fourteenth century Rajasthani legendary figure, also exists. Every traditional native of Rajasthan recites his oral recitations and they proudly portray Pabujis heroism on textile forms. Last but not the least, Jaipurs famous Carpets and Dhurries are also one of the textile forms. The village artisans residing near and beyond Jaipur weave them. Most of them practice carpet weaving as an heirloom business since ages. Their ancestors came from Persia during the rule of Mughal ruler Akbar and settled here. Making of Textile Handicrafts Jaipurs textile forms range from clothes, curtains, table clothes, bags, carpets and many more that are known especially for their rich textures and colors. People find them interesting because of the variety of threads or fibres used to reproduce the legacy that the Rajasthani culture essence contains. With a lot of style and grace, textile forms of Rajasthan very well add a lot of personality with an amazing color palette. The rusticity of the Indian rurality with its creativity is present fully within the designs and patterns. Traditionally, every step is carried on by hands and using herbal colors. However, to meet growing demands, machines are also used often. For example, originally, hand block printing was done making patterns through cut potatoes. Later, the potato pieces replaced with teakwood carved blocks created the same magic called as Sanganeri Prints. Similarly, Bagru Prints show that opulence with the red and black combination. Not-to-miss, carpet making has been one of the main occupations in the textile handicraft business of Jaipur. Patronized carpet weaving inspired with Persian as well as Turkish motifs and decorations can still be seen that are hand woven and hand knotted. Some of the carpets and rugs acquired from Jaipur have obtained the title of an antique, possessed. Salability of Textile Handicrafts With such a playful experience of patterns, colors and designs with Jaipuri handicraft textiles, popular ones are pashmina shawl, paithani saris, gara saris, and banarasi silk saris. Ethnic textile handicraft wear such as odhanis, safas, and other dress materials are available in plenty with an amazing play of colors and an exquisite mirrorwork on their surfaces. These actually are an excuse to create a style statement and almost every upscale fashion designer gets inspired with such trendy decorational patterns on their creations. Come to Jaipur and buy these wonderful textile handicraft products at Kishanpol Bazaar, Tripolia Bazaar, Nehru Bazaar and Bapu Bazaar within the walled city.

Irony of Earthly Power :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People live life wanting everything they can’t afford. Millions of Americans idealize famous movie actors and musicians, and wish to aspire to that degree of wealth. Many people are envious of such billionaires as Bill Gates, and tell themselves they could have done that. Everyone wants to be rich. They feel that if they had all the money they wanted, they could truly be happy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The truth is that money and riches really don’t bring anyone an unsurpassable or measureless amount of happiness. For example, winners of the Powerball lottery game may seem to have found happiness, but on a recent Oprah show they told of their extreme depression, and even the debt that money cost them. In fact, being rich or powerful brings just the opposite of happiness. It brings depression, and a legacy of nothingness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One example of this is seen in Percy Bysshe Shelley’s Ozymandias. A traveler was talking with the speaker of the poem, and describing his recent journey to â€Å"[†¦] an antique land†. (1)1 The traveler tells of a statue, erected for the King2. But now, that statue is â€Å"[†¦] half sunk, a shattered visage lies [†¦]†. (4) Clearly, the King the statue was created for no longer reigns, neither here on earth nor in human minds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Shelley’s poem, the traveler describes the characteristics of the King very well, and implies his unhappiness. â€Å"[†¦] whose frown,/and wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command [†¦]† (4-5) could only be attributes of a deeply unhappy man. Even power over slaves did not delight him. â€Å"[†¦] The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed [†¦]† (8) on the toils of the slaves did not bring him joy. The King may have been powerful, but that power evidently did not bring him pleasure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perhaps the greatest proof that riches and power did not bring the King immense happiness is his decrepit statue. His message to the world is ironic in itself. â€Å"[†¦] Look on my works, Ye mighty, and despair!/Nothing beside remains [†¦]†. (11-12) Perhaps Ozymandias’ can be taken two ways. One way could be a threat to anyone who dares to claim themselves the â€Å"[†¦] king of kings [†¦]†. (10) Ozymandias perhaps was stating to those men ‘Look at my success. No one can ever surpass this success!† The irony is that Ozymandias’ success is now nothing. Nothing remains but his words. The face of his statue is broken, just like his legacy.

Albert Einstein :: biographies biography bio

Biography * Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in the town of Ulm, in WÃ ¼rttemberg, Germany. * Albert's family moved around Europe, including Munich, Italy and Aarau Switzerland. * Albert attended the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich where he trained to be a teacher in both physics and mathematics. * Upon his graduation in 1901 he was awarded Swiss citizenship and unable to find a teaching position, so he decided to work as a technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office where he worked on much of his famous research. He earned his Ph.D in 1905. * In 1908 he became Privotdozent in Berne, 1909 he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague then returning to Zurich in 1912. In 1914 he accepted appointment as the Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and became a Professor at the University of Berlin. * He was granted German citizenship in 1914 and stayed there until 1933 when he emigrated to the US and became a US citizen in 1940. * He accepted a position in 1940 as Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton and resigned in 1945. * He became a leader for the World Government Movement after World War II, and he was offered, by Israel, the office of President. He declined but was one of the founders or the Hebrew Univeristy of Jerusalem. * Albert Einstein was awarded honorary doctorates in science, medicine, and philosophy from universities the world over. He was also granted memberships to the leading scientific academies all over the world. However, the genius he is reknown for today landed him in solitude for much of his life. * He was married twice. He was married to Mileva Maric from 1903 to 1919, they had a daughter and two sons. Later in 1919 Al married his cousin Elsa LÃ ¶wenthal.

Shooting an Elephant Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I was not comfortable with many aspects of this story. The prejudice throughout the book was unimaginable, I find I am uncomfortable with any kind of bigotry. Reading of the Burmese people and their disrespect toward someone who was there to â€Å"protect and serve†, was difficult. I suppose I am naà ¯ve, I try to hold on to the belief that people of God are inherently good. I know there are bad apples in all walks of life, bad people are everywhere so holding on to this optimism is harder each day. This story wasn’t like that, this was a blatant attitude of prejudice for sport, ignorance, and peer pressure. I found it very hard to embrace. Story or not, it was and is deeply disturbing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The idea ...

Business Strategy Game

Overview Looking back over the last 5 weeks of the Business Strategy Game there were several areas where Company Emergent could have improved and did very well. This paper will provide an in-depth analysis of Emergent’s approach to managing their Emergent footwear company, the growth experienced through the process, and lessons learned. In addition, recommendations for improvement are provided should the game be played again. Strategic vision of Emergent â€Å"Always move forward â€Å". Emergent exists to create value for our shareowners on a long term basis by building a business that enhances Emergent footprints.Usability The first week of the simulation game was the first point where Emergent suffered in comparison to the competition. From a human factors perspective, the game presents a significant amount of information overload that is difficult for any human to process all at once with minimal to no training. The fact that the game comes with a 34 page manual speaks v olumes to this point, and it is difficult to absorb all of the complex information presented in this manual. There should have been a quick tips and key points of interest to get the students started and that was nowhere to be found.In addition, it was not obvious that there were video tours for each and every page of decision points; this wasn’t realized until week 2. Again, this is a symptom of too much information bombarding a new user. This analysis is not provided to place blame on the game for some of Emergent’s issues, but rather to provide a human factors analysis of usability considerations (one group member is a certified human factors professional) to help improve future uses of this game and help provide students with the tools to succeed given the design drawbacks of the game interface and the human error impacts associated with the design.Recommendation: Create a quick tips and facts sheet to assist the first time user with functionality. Consider a more comprehensive overview of the site and a more representative demo of a few years of mock operation to illustrate how the software works. In addition, understanding the value of the video tours and the industry reports earlier in the process is critical for a team to be able to fully utilize the industry reports effectively from the start. Learning CurveIt took 3 years of decision entries, Y11-Y13, to fully understand how all of the decision elements interacted with one another to drive or negatively impact profits, which caused some decrements in company performance initially. In addition, it also took 3 years to fully understand what the industry and the counterintelligence data was indicating and how to effectively apply it to Emergent’s competitive advantage. However, once the data was better understood and applied effectively the company was able to be turned around from a negative profit and credit rating situation.Recommendation: Understanding that some of the importanc e of the game is learning how things work and how decisions impact a company’s bottom line, it would be beneficial to have a few practice trials to initially understand the game better than just trial and error. Capacity After consulting the players guide, the decision in year 3 was made to invest in increased capacity to meet the projected future growth demand in the Asia Pacific and Latin American region. This decision early in the game, without sufficient equity available from profits, caused Emergent to temporarily plunge in credit rating and profitability.Recommendation: Ensure current capacity is utilized effectively and earning sufficient revenue to justify purchase of additional capacity based on projected growth data. Demand, Production and Inventory Understanding the interplay between the sales forecast for the coming year, warehouse costs for inventory, required production distribution and impact of reject costs was critical for ensuring that the company was able t o deliver and meet the market demands and achieve profitability.Unfortunately, it took several years before it was clear how to manage distribution effectively and more time should have been spent entering decisions more carefully for the first 3 years. In addition, more aggressive investment in facility upgrades would have improved costs incurred with facility inefficiencies, worker productivity and rejected product costs. Recommendation: Invest more time in the analysis of the market and the decision making process to ensure decisions are complimentary.This is critical in order to attain adequate production levels to meet market demands, achieve minimum surplus and no inventory shortfalls to reduce costs incurred from inefficient warehouse usage, and invest in facility upgrades early on to reduce reject costs and increase net revenues with more sellable products for increased long term earning potential. Pricing, Model Availability, and S/Q rating The ability to effectively price the product at a level to reach the widest possible market is heavily dependent of differentiation from the market with quality and model availability.Initially, the team favored focusing on fewer model generated in favor of differentiating via higher quality models and creating a niche market. This tactic worked initially, however it allowed the competition to gain a competitive advantage through larger variation of product offerings at lower quality. Recommendation: Invest early on in product model availability to increase competitive edge. The ability to offer more product choices coupled with Emergent’s focused on higher quality products could have increased the return on equity achievable in the later years.Advertising and Celebrity Appeal Emergent’s initial investments in advertising and celebrity contracts were very conservative and minimal in terms of celebrity contracts for the first few years. It took several years of activity to fully appreciate the gains re alized by competitors from more aggressive advertising tactics and celebrity endorsements. More aggressive contract biding and advertising was attempted for years 15-18, but the profit potential was not as great had this been a strategy used from the very beginning.In many cases, Emergent lost out on a number of contracts for low bids. Recommendation: To increase Emergent’s market share and selling point of its product lines, Emergent should increase the number of celebrity contract bids and the associated bid amounts to attain a larger market share and increased revenues. Summary Successful and innovative businesses are built on strong and cohesive teams, effective strategies and the ability to recognize and seize opportunities before the competition. Emergent could have benefitted from stronger team interaction and communication.The inability to work cohesively as a team decreased Emergent’s ability to maximize the company’s performance profits by leveraging t he skills of each player effectively and strategically. The more eyes on the problem the better and more innovative the solution and the higher the likelihood you will identify strategic opportunities to increase performance and long term success. Had there been stronger and greater team interaction, certain opportunities for Emergent may have been more obvious or recognized earlier in the game simulation helping to create a greater competitive edge.

Aids In Africa

The pandemic brought about by the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Africa has become a very popular topic among healthcare experts, and interestingly, also among U.S. policymakers. This level of attention is due to the high mortality rate of AIDS victims in the said region as well as the significantly low life-expectancy among those infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – the pathogen that causes AIDS.In order to have a broader understanding about the topic four different kinds of literature related to the topic will be used to analyze the impact of the AIDS pandemic in Africa.Infectious Diseases EpidemiologyThe first source that will be analyzed is a reference book entitled, Infectious Diseases Epidemiology: Theory and Practice. This reference books deal with the transmission and control of diseases and it has a section dealing with AIDS/HIV.The authors were able to fully explain how AIDS is transmitted and also how to control the spread of the viru s. There is also a section that describes one of the most ambitious plans to significantly reduce the impact of AIDS/HIV in Africa.This source is valid and reliable as it is consistent with other sources that will be reviewed later in this study. Aside from that, the publisher, Jones and Bartlett in Massachusetts is a reputable publishing house.This source provides an overview of the AIDS/HIV problem in general and also provides information why it is very difficult to curb the problem of HIV infection in Africa. The discussion regarding transmission of the HIV virus will greatly increase awareness as to the kind of behavior that will lead to infection.The information that can be gathered through reading this source will help government officials to create strategies and enact laws that will make it harder for the virus to spread.This source is of great value to individuals, government or non-government agencies desiring to lend support in the fight against AIDS/HIV in Africa.This is because not only is the source an excellent reference guide for the epidemiology of the disease but it also provides useful information on what is being done to stop the virus from overwhelming the whole continent (Nelson & Masters, p. 869). There is a need to combine knowledge of science and knowledge of how to understand people.Life ExpectancyThe second resource that will be used for this study was taken from an article in The New York Times, entitled, Devastated by AIDS, Africa Sees Life Expectancy Plunge. The article provides a more tangible proof that indeed AIDS/HIV is wreaking havoc in Africa.It is one thing to simply know about the epidemiology of the disease and it is quite another to learn that infants born in seven African nations – those with very high HIV infection – could not expect to live beyond 40. Due to the catastrophic figures given, some of Africa’s politicians are saying that the numbers maybe inaccurate (Dugger, par. 7).But the report see ms to be saying that irregardless of the exact life expectancy number, there is widespread agreement that people are dying young inside the continent.One of the most information that could be gleaned from this article is the fact that people living in sub-Saharan Africa are not only dying young, their premature deaths increase the level of poverty in this region.The deaths of thousands of young men and women meant that there will be few people – especially those in the prime of their lives – who can contribute in the field of education, healthcare and various industries. This will cause a chain-reaction of events.For one there will be no strong and able bodied men and women who can spearhead the drive to eradicate AIDS/HIV and the reason is simple, many of them have died. If Africa continues to suffer from the AIDS/HIV pandemic, then it will not take long before the continent will destroy itself due to people living without hope.If the children are the future of a nati on then surely the AIDS pandemic is creating a bleak future for sub-Saharan Africa.This is a valid source of information because it came from a reputable source – The New York Times.Moreover, the information that can be gathered from reading this text supports many of the findings reviewed from other sources. Aside from being accurate, this resource is a valuable source of information because it focuses on falling life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa. This will help African politicians as well as their policymakers map out strategies that will help solve the problem.PEPFARThe official website of â€Å"The United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief† (PEPFAR) will be the third resource for this study. The site offers a wide array of information regarding the AIDS/HIV pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa.The site talks about the reason behind the creation of PEPFAR and what it hopes to achieve in the long run. PEPFAR is US-based and appears to be one of th e most important achievements of the Bush administration. This is a reliable source because it is a website created by the U.S. Federal government.There are also other U.S. government agencies that acknowledged the significance of PEPFAR and news agencies are also well aware of its existence.One of the most interesting facts that can be gleaned from the website pertains to the plan of former president George W. Bush to position the United States to lead in the fight against global HIV/AIDS. At the center of the plan is the need to focus resources on a region with one of the highest incidence of AIDS/HIV and this is sub-Saharan Africa.Aside from the lofty goals set by PEPFAR another interesting facet of this plan is the pledge by the U.S. government, to disburse billions of dollars of taxpayer’s money to help non-Americans, thousands of miles away.This was a daring move by the former president Bush who insisted that America is ready and financially able, to take a stand agains t HIV/AIDS. The former president authorized the release of a multi-billion package that will ensure that a significant part of Sub-Saharan Africa will be able to experience outside help. The huge amounts involved will signal to the rest of the world that America is ready.This resource is valuable not only because it provides an overview of the whole PEPFAR initiative. But aside from that, the website also provides detailed information with regards to the steps required leading to the creation of PEPFAR.The site also provides links that will help people discover how the president intended to finance a project that is so massive and so expensive that it is almost impossible for this Federal funded program to succeed.Corruption in AfricaThe fourth resource that will be used for this study is a book entitled, Corruption in Africa: Causes, Consequences, and Cleanups. The authors attempted to explain the unique circumstance that created a host of problems for Africa.Corruption in this sid e of the world was linked to power-hungry officials who used their position to enrich themselves. When it comes to corruption and the AIDS/HIV pandemic the common denominator is poverty, lack of education and the absence of government services that help worsen the situation in sub-Saharan Africa.This book is an excellent resource when dealing with factors aside from epidemiology and healthcare. It is very important that policymakers and strategists take a closer look at impact of corruption and why increasing the number of health workers and saturating the region with drugs will never be enough to solve the AIDS/HIV pandemic.The socio-political aspect must be considered as well. There is indeed a clear link between corruption and poverty and when these two are present it creates a social order where the government is inefficient and could not provide the necessary services that in turn will strengthen the capability of Africans to resist the AIDS/HIV onslaught.This is a reliable res ource because it is consistent with research findings used to support the three previous sources. For instance a good education will make it easier for health workers to explain the reason why sexual intercourse and the sharing of contaminated needles are two of the most important means to transmit the virus.If the people are well-educated then it is easy for them to understand the steps required to avoid those problems. But with corruption comes the inability to have access to good education and when the people are ignorant it will be easy for the virus to spread. AIDS in Africa The number of people living with Human Immune-Deficiency Virus (HIV) in Africa especially in Sub-Saharan part is quite big. More than half of the population is infected with HIV AIDS and the number of individuals being infected increases each day.It usually causes high death rates in children and adults. According to statistics, the number of those who are infected is quite high which is about 2.3 million adults and children (UNAIDS, 2006). The number seems to be dropping drastically which portrays that there has been a change of behaviour which has made the number to reduce and also the decrease can be as a result of increased mortality rate of those who are infected.The number of people who are most affected by AIDS are prostitutes and their clients homosexuals and most of individuals who inject themselves with drugs. In Sub-Saharan region HIV transmission is mostly experienced in most of heterosexual transmission in Africa most of the women are infected at early stages which incre ases the gap between men and women who are infected with HIV.In Africa, South Africa is the country which has the highest prevalence rate of individual who are infected with AIDS.According to epidemiological survey, it shows that the number of infected individuals in this country does not decrease and the main factors which have lead to this increase includes social instability, poverty, family disruption migratory labor system which leads to increased morbidity, sexual transmitted diseases are in increased levels in these regions, women lives in low status and sexual violence.The increased incidence rate of Aids in Africa has lead to a major economical problem which has made the country’s economy in most of Sub-Saharan countries to drop drastically and people in these regions to live under a lot of poverty.According to various statistics, most of the Sub-Saharan Africa countries drop economically with around 1-2% of the total economic status of the country annually. Most of the families with individuals who are infected with HIV AIDS live in total poverty than the rest of the household.This is because the level of productivity decreases drastically since individuals infected with HIV become weak and they are unable to carry on with their daily routine work.These individuals in most cases who are young eventually die leaving young children and the aged who are not able to work for their basic need. They are therefore left to depend on well wishers, government and other non governmental organizations for their living.Due to high death rates, it has also lead to great food shortage since those who work in farms are usually the young generation which is the group which is highly infected. This has lead to lack of essential labor which is needed in farm and therefore the family can result to use of finances which were not necessary to purchase food.In some Sub-Saharan countries such as South Africa, most of productive individuals such as those who work in v arious governmental organizations are dying of AIDS at a very high rate which makes the country to lost important people who are skilled and had a high potential of bringing revenue to the government.These usually pose a major drawback of the economic status of the country. When these individuals die, vital services are not delivered to the public and this can lead to loss of revenue that government could gain from these services.The main sector which is mainly affected by the high prevalence rate of HIV is the labor sector. This is because most of the individuals who are affected by AIDS are between the age of 15-49 which is the most productive age which is mainly the working age.When the labor of the country drops, its economic status is also affected this is mostly experienced by those individuals who are directly affected or infected by AIDS.When those people who are already trained for various job die because of AIDS, it means that factories, industries, schools and hospitals h ave to incur extra cost for training more skilled individuals who can replace them and those who can work efficiently (Cohen 1990). In order to facilitate this, these sectors have to use a lot of money which could be used for other purposes to boost the economic status of these sectors.Due to strong impact that HIV sets on labor force, in various enterprises and household, HIV has acted as a quite significant factor in drop of the economic development and growth of countries and also in individuals. It has played quite a vital effect in the economic development of Africa as a whole.Due to the fact that Africa faces a major economic drawback, it has made it quite difficulty for African countries to fight the epidemic. This is because the disease prevalence rate is quite high and the economic status of he country and individuals goes down which makes most of individuals not to afford the antiretroviral drugs (ARV) therapies which can help to reduce the prevalence rate of diseases.In s ome cases the productivity of infected individuals can be boosted by proper feeding and good diet, but in these Sub-Saharan countries, its quite hard for infected individual to have proper diet which will help in boosting the immune status of the body since there is no enough money to be supplemented in buying of food.Due to high poverty levels of those who are infected and their low economic status, the prevention methods which can be used to minimize high rate of disease infection are not quite applicable due to lack of money. This has increased the disease occurrence a lot since no prevention measures are taken and therefore transmission rate is quite high.This is mostly experienced in mother child transmission, since most of expectant women who are living in extreme poverty do not have money to attend the antenatal clinic and they usually end up delivering at home where there are no measures which are taken into consideration to prevent the disease from being transmitted to the child.In some cases, individuals who are infected with HIV also have high chances of being infected with other opportunistic infections which mainly affects individuals with AIDS such as TB. Due to their inability to access medical services due to lack of money, they get weak quite quickly and can result to death. In this case the economic status of the country drop due to lack of money.Most of the countries in Sub Saharan live under extreme poverty which makes them to lack basic access to education which is a major factor which can be used to alleviate poverty levels and boost the economic status of the country (Avert org, 2008). Those individuals who do not have basic education on the effect AIDS end up contacting it carelessly which increases transmission rate due to lack of knowledge about the impact the disease has on the society.Social impact of children and women in South AfricaSouth Africa is one of the countries in the Sub-Saharan region with quite a high prevalence rate of AIDS its estimated that around 15-20% of its total adult population is infected with HIV. The number of those individuals who are infected has greatly exceeded the number which was considered to be possible initially.There is no evidence of epidemic slowing in South Africa since around 4.9-6.1 million people in the country are infected with AIDS. Statistics carried out on 2004 showed that around 1-3 expectant mother are infected with HIV and since then gradual increase has been realized.